The Early Cold War: The Early Cold War: Mike Cook Coleman High School

Purpose and Expectations Learn the origins of the Cold War. Learn the difference between communism and capitalism. Learn the different goals of the US and Soviet Union following World War II. Learn about the major doctrines and agreements established during the Cold War Era: The Truman Doctrine The Marshall Plan NATO The Warsaw Pact

A Clash of Interests Even before WWII ended, the wartime alliance between US and Soviet Union showed signs of strain. President Roosevelt hoped that a victory over the Axis powers and the creation of the United Nations would lead to a more peaceful world. Instead, the US and Soviet Union became increasingly hostile toward each other. This led to an era of competition and confrontation that lasted from This era became known as The Cold War.

Communism An economic and social system based on the ownership of land, factories, and other means of production by the community as a whole or the state and in which the right of private individuals to hold property is partially or totally abolished.

Capitalism An economic system based on the ownership of land, factories, and other means of production by private individuals or groups of individuals who compete with one another.

Knowledge Check What is the difference between communism and capitalism?

The Clash of Interests Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. Secure their borders and encourage other nations to replace capitalism with communism. Promote economic growth by increasing world trade and to promote democracy and free enterprise.

Knowledge Check What was the main difference in the goals of the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II?

Iron Curtain Term used to describe the boundary that separated the communist countries in the East from the democratic countries of the West. To the east of the Iron Curtain were the countries connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union. These included East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Albania.

The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

Knowledge Check Who coined the phrase the “Iron Curtain”? What is the Iron Curtain?

Truman Doctrine [1947] 1.Civil 1.Civil War in Greece. 2.Turkey 2.Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. 3.The 3.The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. 4.The 4.The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid. 5.In 5.In the long run, it pledged the United States to fight communism worldwide.

Marshall Plan [1948] 1.“European Recovery Program.” 2.Secretary of State, George Marshall 3.The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. 4.$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected]. 5.Western Europe’s recovery weakened the appeal of communism and opened new markets for trades.

Knowledge Check What was the Truman Doctrine? What was the Marshall Plan?

Post-War Germany

Berlin Blockade & Airlift ( )

The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?” }The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in }Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Countries who agreed to come to the aid of any member who was attacked.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)  United States  Belgium  Britain  Canada  Denmark  France  Iceland  Italy  Luxemburg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  1952: Greece & Turkey  1955: West Germany  1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact The creation of NATO alarmed the Soviet Union. In response they organized a military alliance in Eastern Europe. This became known as the Warsaw Pact.

Warsaw Pact (1955) }U. S. S. R. }Albania }Bulgaria }Czechoslovakia }East Germany }Hungary }Poland }Rumania

Premier Nikita Khrushchev About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist. If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don't invite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. you De-Stalinization Program

Knowledge Check What does NATO stand for? Why was it created? Name several nations that belonged to NATO. What was the Soviet response to NATO?