Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 Systems and Orientation From Marieb CHB 2014

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Human Body—An Orientation Anatomy  Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology  Study of how the body and its parts work or function

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Levels of Structural Organization Figure 1.1 Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardio- vascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Reproductive  Produces offspring Figure 1.2k–l

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2a Organ System Overview  Integumentary  Forms the external body covering  Protects deeper tissue from injury  Helps regulate body temperature  Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2b Organ System Overview  Skeletal  Protects and supports body organs  Provides muscle attachment for movement  Site of blood cell formation  Stores minerals

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2c Organ System Overview  Muscular  Produces movement  Maintains posture  Produces heat

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Nervous  Fast-acting control system  Responds to internal and external change  Activates muscles and glands Figure 1.2d

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Endocrine  Secretes regulatory hormones  Growth  Reproduction  Metabolism Figure 1.2e

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.2f Organ System Overview  Cardiovascular  Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart  Oxygen  Carbon dioxide  Nutrients  Wastes

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Lymphatic  Returns fluids to blood vessels  Cleanses the blood  Involved in immunity Figure 1.2g

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Respiratory  Keeps blood supplied with oxygen  Removes carbon dioxide Figure 1.2h

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Digestive  Breaks down food  Allows for nutrient absorption into blood  Eliminates indigestible material Figure 1.2i

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organ System Overview  Urinary  Eliminates nitrogenous wastes  Maintains acid-base balance  Regulates water and electrolytes Figure 1.2j

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Language of Anatomy  Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding  Exact terms are used for  Position  Direction  Regions  Structures

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.5a Regional Terms  Anterior body landmarks

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.5a Regional Terms  Anterior body landmarks

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Terms  Posterior body landmarks Figure 1.5b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Table 1.1 (1 of 3)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Table 1.1 (2 of 3)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Stopped here 9/10 8/19

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Directional Terms Table 1.1 (3 of 3)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes and Sections  A sagittal section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts  A median, or midsagittal, section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts  A frontal section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts  A transverse, or cross, section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes and Sections Figure 1.6

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities  Dorsal body cavity  Cranial cavity houses the brain  Spinal cavity houses the spinal cord  Ventral body cavity  Thoracic cavity houses heart, lungs and others  Abdominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities Figure 1.7

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Quadrants Figure 1.8a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Regions Figure 1.8b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Abdominopelvic Major Organs Figure 1.8c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reflection and Review 1.List the three major body planes. 2.List 5 major body systems. 3.Clarify the following pairs: proximal:distal medial:lateral superior:inferior dorsal:ventral superficial:deep