January 26, 2015 Bell work: Napoleon’s Empire map. Label the map and answer the questions. Turn in when finished! Twenty minutes!

August 26, 2015 Chapter 11-1 and 11-2 quiz today. Take a few minutes to study! We will be doing section 4 after the quiz

Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Empire

The Consulate Napoleon overthrew the Directory in 1799 and set up a new constitution. – Theoretically established a Republic – In Practice, He set up a Dictatorship

The Consulate The executive branch - committee of three members, called consuls. Napoleon became First Consul and placed all the power in his own hands.

Restoring Order Replaced elected local officials with people he trusted. Education placed under Nat’l gov’t control. – Universities – Technical Schools – Secondary Schools (lycées)  similar to public schools

Restoring Order Created the Bank of France. Required every citizen to pay taxes. In 1802, Napoleon declared himself Consul for life.

The Napoleonic Code Laws based on enlightenment ideas. – Equality of all citizens before the law – Religious toleration – Advancement based on merit This new code of law placed the state above the individual. – limited freedom of speech and press – women lost many rights

The Church Napoleon negotiated an agreement with Pope Pius VII called the Concordat of – Assured Religious Toleration Napoleon wanted power over the church. – Named bishops – Took church land

Empire on the Rise Napoleon commanded the French forces. – defeated Italy and Austria Persuaded Russia to withdraw from the war. Signed Peace Treaty with Great Britain. In 1804, Napoleon names himself Emperor.

The Battle of Trafalgar By 1805, Napoleon wanted to invade Great Britain via the English Channel. October 1805, the Battle of Trafalgar. – British Admiral, Lord Nelson, defeated the French Navy

Continental System Napoleon ordered all European nations he had conquered to stop trade with Great Britain. This plan failed b/c of Great Britain’s dominance at sea and the worsening of France’s economy.

Napoleonic Europe By 1812, France’s borders extended to Russia. Replaced the Holy Roman Empire w/ the Confederation of the Rhine. Conquered countries were forced to pay taxes and send troops to France.

Napoleonic Europe Nationalism throughout the empire ignited revolts. – People want restoration of old customs and traditions In 1812, aided by the British, Spain overthrew their French occupiers. – Arthur Wellesley a.k.a. Duke of Wellington

Conflict with Russia Czar Alexander I of Russia saw Napoleon as a threat to Russia. In 1811, Alexander withdrew from the Continental System and resumed trade with Great Britain.

The Invasion Napoleon assembled an army of 600,000 troops and marched to Moscow in May The Russian military adopted a “scorched- earth policy.” – Burned everything as they retreated to central Russia

The Invasion Napoleon reached Moscow in September, but a fire destroyed most of the city (scorched- earth policy). Winter settled shortly afterward. 400,000 of Napoleon’s 600,000 troops died. – Starvation – Battle wounds – Exposure

Napoleon’s Defeat Napoleon’s enemies attacked from all directions. – Russia – Prussia – Austria – Spain – Great Britain – Italy By March of 1814, Napoleon was forced to surrendered and abdicate as emperor.

Napoleon’s Defeat French throne restored to Louis XVIII (Louis XVI’s brother). Napoleon exiled to Elba French borders set to those of Napoleon escaped and returned to France. – Hundred Days

Napoleon’s Last Stand Became Emperor again. European gov’ts set out to stop him. Met at Waterloo and the French were destroyed. Napoleon was placed on house arrest on St. Helena island in the South Atlantic – He died here in 1821