1. Napoleon’s empire collapses
Chapter 23
Section 4
Napoleon’s empire collapses

2. Key Terms Blockade Continental System Guerilla war Peninsular War
Scorched earth policy
Waterloo
Hundred Days

3. The Continental System
Britain's economy depended on overseas trade
Napoleon wanted to disrupt trade
Continental system- blockade prohibited French or allied ships from trading with Britain

4. The Continental System
British required all neutral ships to stop in British ports for permission to trade with France
This caused other conflicts

5. The Peninsular War Portugal share Iberian Peninsula with Spain
Portuguese refused to participate in the Continental System
They depended on Great Britain for trade
Napoleon sent troops to drive out the King

6. The Peninsular War Napoleon then conquered Spain
British sent troops to Spain
Napoleon won several victories against the British
Guerilla warfare in Spain
Attacked French troops and camps

7. The Peninsular War
French slaughtered many innocent civilians to punish the guerillas
Kept French army pinned down
Napoleon pulled troops from Spain
Lost 300,000 men

8. Napoleon Dominates Europe
Took control of Europe through treaties and alliances
Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman Empire not controlled
Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas

9. Napoleon Dominates Europe
His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily
His sisters and stepsons held important positions

10. The Invasion of Russia Czar Alexander I- Russian leader
Was Napoleon’s ally
Refuse to stop selling grain to Britain
Both had competing designs on Poland
Napoleon decides to invade Russia

11. The Invasion of Russia 600,000 soldiers invade
Most soldiers were new recruits
Supplies were lost or spoiled
July heat tough on men and horses
Disease, desertion, hunger thinned the ranks

12. The Invasion of Russia Napoleon wanted a quick victory
Russian troops withdrew
Scorched Earth peasants burned grain and slaughtered livestock
French had nothing to eat

13. The Invasion of Russia Two armies clashed at Borodin
Several hours of indecisive fighting
Russian fell back
Napoleon takes Moscow

14. The Invasion of Russia French army in Moscow in September
Rather than surrender the “Holy City” Alexander burns it
City deserted and in flames
Napoleon could not support his troops
Left Moscow in October

15. The Invasion of Russia
Russians forced the French to retreat as they entered
Russian peasants attacked isolated French soldiers
Harsh Russian winter kills thousands
Only 10,000 soldiers left to fight

16. Napoleon Suffers Defeat
Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain become allies
October 1813 met with Napoleon
Napoleon defeated
Allies enter Paris in triumph

17. Defeat and Exile to Elba
Napoleon has to give up the throne
Keeps title of emperor
Sent to island of Elba
Off the coast of Italy with 400 guards

18. The Hundred Days Allies restore French monarchy
Louis XVII takes the throne
Return France to borders
King became unpopular
French feared a return to the old ways

19. The Hundred Days After a year in exile Napoleon escapes
Louis XVII flees to Belgium
French had despised Napoleon
Thousands of citizens were excited
Troops sent to arrest Napoleon pledged their loyalty

20. The Hundred Days March 20, Napoleon arrives in Paris People cheered
Hundred days begins
Hundred days- brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon

21. Battle of Waterloo Napoleon’s enemies gathered for another battle
Duke of Wellington – British commander
June 18, 1815 armies met at Waterloo
Prussia and Britain combine forces
Push the French off the battlefield

22. Battle of Waterloo French and British suffer huge loses
Casualties total 50,000 men
Waterloo crushing defeat for Napoleon
End of the Napoleonic Wars

23. Napoleon’s Final Days Tried to escape to America
Exiled to Saint Helena, miles from mainland
Napoleon did not escape
Died 6 years later at 51