2.  Born on the island of Corsica in 1769  Sent to French military school at age 9  1785, became lieutenant in French artillery

3.  When the French Revolution started, Napoleon joined the army of the new government.  Defeated royalist troops marching against the National Assembly. (Oct. 1795)  1796: Defeated armies of Austria and Sardinia  Defeated in Egypt (kept secret)

4.  Oct. 9 1799, Napoleon was put in charge of French Army  National Legislature established a consul of three. Napoleon was one of the three.  Napoleon quickly assumed dictatorial power.

5. THE ECONOMYGOVERNMENT & SOCIETY RELIGION NAPOLEON’S ACTIONS -Fair Tax Code -National Bank -Stabilized $ -State Loans to Businesses -Officials based on Merit -Fired corrupt officials -Code of Laws -Catholicism became ”faith of Frenchmen” -concordat w/ Pope -Retained church lands he seized RESULTS-Equal Taxation -Stable Economy -Honest Competent Officials -Equal opportunity in Govt. -Public Ed. -Religious Tolerance -Govt. control of Church Lands -Govt. recognition of Church influence

6.  Sold Louisiana Purchase to United States (1803)  As he expanded, countries rose up against him  Third Coalition: Britain, Russia, Austria, & Sweden  Battle of Austerlitz – had now defeated all enemies except Britain  Only major loss was at Trafalgar – 1805 – Naval defeat to British Admiral Horatio Nelson

7.  1) The Continental System  2) The Peninsular War  3) The Invasion of Russia

8.  Decision to cut Britain off from the rest of Europe.  Blockade – Forcible closing of ports  Trying to prevent trade and communication  England responded with a blockade of its own  In essence, the Continental system hurt France more than it did England

9.  Sent an army to invade Portugal ◦ Weren’t following Continental System  Had to go through Spain ◦ Displeased Spanish ◦ Made his brother King  Guerrilla Warfare ◦ Army of Spanish peasants ◦ Informal, Napoleon could not defeat in one battle ◦ Fought for 5 years (1808-1813)  Nationalism ◦ Pride in one’s country

10.  1812: invaded Russia  Scorched Earth Policy – As Russian troops retreated, they burnt grain fields and slaughtered livestock to leave nothing for the French  Entered Moscow – Burnt by Russians  No Peace Treaty Came  French turned to home  Starving and freezing  Large % of army died

11.  Weakened by war with Russia, enemies attacked  Fourth Coalition: Britain, Russia, Austria, & Prussia  1813: Battle of Leipzig – Napoleon defeated  April 1814: Accepted terms of surrender ◦ Exiled to island of Elba ◦ Off Italian coast

12.  New King, Louis XVIII became unpopular (Louis XVI’s brother)  Napoleon escapes Elba (Mar. 1, 1815)  Napoleon gathers troops as he nears Paris, once again ruler of France  June 18, 1815 – Battle of Waterloo ◦ Napoleon vs. British ◦ Prussian Army arrived and turned the tide ◦ British led by the Duke of Wellington ◦ Napoleon defeted

13.  After his escape and capture needed more remote location  Taken by British navy to St. Helena ◦ Remote island in South Atlantic ◦ Only lived for 6 more years ◦ Died in 1821