Unit 4: Prosperity, Depression, and the New Deal AH.HI.E19 Notes

Content Statement 19 0 Movements such as the Harlem Renaissance, African- American migration, women’s suffrage and Prohibition all contributed to social change.

Harlem Renaissance 0 Period of African American creativity during the 1920s in the Harlem community of New York City 0 Harlem became the world’s largest black urban community 0 Harlem suffered from overcrowding, unemployment, and poverty 0 Movement was led by well-educated, middle-class African Americans who expressed a new pride in the African- American experience 0 Represented a portion of the great social and cultural changes that sweep through America in the 1920s

Key Figures of the Harlem Renaissance 0 Marcus Garvey: founded the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) 0 Langston Hughes: best known poet 0 Louis Armstrong: trumpet player (Jazz) 0 Duke Ellington: jazz pianist and composer 0 Bessie Smith: blues singer

Marcus Garvey The Black skin is not a badge of shame, but rather a glorious symbol of national greatness. Marcus Garvey

Louis Armstrong 0 What a Wonderful World What a Wonderful World 0 Trumpet Solo Trumpet Solo

Langston Hughes Cross My old man’s a while old man And my old mother’s black If ever I cursed my white old man I take my curses back If ever I cursed my black old mother And wished she were in hell, I’m sorry for that evil wish And now I wish her well My old man died in a fine big house My ma died in a shack I wonder where I’m going to die, Being neither white nor black

Bessie Smith 0 St. Louis Blues (1929) St. Louis Blues (1929)

Duke Ellington 0 It Don't Mean a Thing It Don't Mean a Thing

Impact of the Great Migration 0 Large numbers of African Americans moved to northern cities during the Great Migration 0 Increased competition for jobs, housing and public services in urban areas

Women’s Suffrage 0 19 th Amendment: gave women suffrage rights (voting rights) 0 The change brought more women into the political process, eventually including women running for public office.

Young Women Change the Rules 0 Flappers - an emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day 0 Young women became more assertive 0 Some began smoking and drinking 0 Marriage started being viewed as an equal partnership (housework and children remain the women’s job)

American Fundamentalism 0 Fundamentalism - Protestant movement grounded in a literal, non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bible 0 Rejected the theory of evolution 0 Believed the Bible was inspired by God, and that therefore its stories in all their details are true

Scopes Monkey Trial , Tennessee passed a law that it was a crime to teach evolution 0 John T. Scopes, was up to challenging the new law 0 He was arrested and put in jail 0 Found guilty and fined $100

Prohibition ( ) 0 18 th Amendment - Amendment forbidding the manufacturing and sale of alcohol in the United States 0 Believed too much drinking led to crime, wife and child abuse, accidents on the job and other serious problems

Speakeasies and Bootleggers 0 Speakeasies - a place where alcohol drinks were sold and consumed illegally during Prohibition 0 Bootleggers - a person who smuggled alcoholic beverages into the United States during Prohibition

Organized Crime 0 Prohibition caused a rise in organized crime 0 Al Capone - a gangster whose bootlegging empire netted over$60 million a year 0 Headlines reported 522 bloody gang killings pointing the finger at Capone

St. Valentines Day Massacre

21 st Amendment 0 Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that repealed Prohibition