1. Cultural Conflicts Ch. 13 sec. 3
*January 16, th Amendment took effect
--main goals of Prohibition:
1. eliminate drunkenness & resulting abuse of family members
2. get rid of saloons where gambling, prostitutions & other vices thrived
3. stop absenteeism on the job & accidents from happening
*Liquor, beer, & wine could no longer be manufactured, sold, or transported in the U.S.
**Those who chose to defy the Volstead Act—enforced 18th Am.—needed to find a source for their alcoholic beverages…enter the bootlegger….

4. *Bootlegger USED to mean someone who hid flasks of liquor in their boots….NOW it meant someone who supplied illegal alcohol
--smuggled overland from Canada or by ship from Caribbean
--taken to trucks, to warehouses, to retail outlets (restaurants etc.)
*Speakeasies---bars that operated illegally---
--Before Pro. = 300 licensed bars in D.C.
--After Pro. = 700 speakeasies & 4,000 bootleggers!
--Before Pro. = 1,000 bars in Massachusetts
--After Pro. = Boston ALONE had 4,000 speakeasies
and 15,000 bootleggers!

5. *Organized crime---
--manufacture, transportation, storage, and sales = complex operation when dealing w/ illegal alcohol….
*local gangsters operated independently, at first
--organized & joined forces = increasing their operations
--Organized gangs began to fight for control of operations
--Led to HUGE violence, wars, and murder in the American heartlands…..
*Chicago---most notorious of the gangster operations
--Alfonse Capone---Scarface---had a talent for avoiding jail
--made $60 million/ year in bootlegging alone
--Bought police, city officials, judges,--owned Chicago…
eventually caught & imprisoned for tax evasion

7.
Untouchables
Mobsters trailer
Train station shootout
Al Capone Video
St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
Al Capone barber chair

8. *Urban areas tended to be the illegal areas, while the rural tended to be law-abiding---tied to religion
*Fundamentalism---began from debate of teaching evolution in schools---conflicts w/ religion
--beliefs supporting traditional Christian ideas about Jesus, the Bible, and God.
--science & technology getting bigger
--wars & depressions made people question God’s existence
--Bible written by humans & had inaccuracies in history
*Scopes Trial —Tenn. puts ban on teaching evolution in schools---John Scopes teaches evolution & gets arrested
--Clarence Darrow = Lawyer FOR evolution
--Wm. Jennings Bryan = lawyer FOR Fundamentalism

9. *1st trial ever to be broadcast over American radio
--Scopes found guilty & fined $100….but later, overturned.
*Racial Tensions---summer 1919—25 cities experience racial violence all over U.S.
--worst in Chicago
* Ku Klux Klan revives---used modern fundraising & publicity to get members….by 1922, 4 million people are members. Located throughout the U.S.
--new focus = defend their white-Protestant culture against anyone, not just black people.
--communities fought back and by 1927, KKK had diminished.

11. *NAACP---goes to work to end discrimination & protect black rights
--1920s still had lynchings and voting discrimination against southern blacks.
*Garvey Movement---Marcus Garvey wanted new home for Afr. Ams.—started the UNIA—Universal Negro Improvement Association
--called for separation of the races and urged blacks to move back to “Mother Africa” to create new nation
--W.E.B. DuBois criticized the separation of races
*Garvey raised $10 million to carry followers to motherland, but soon Garvey was arrested & deported to native Jamaica for mail fraud---UNIA fell apart, but message led to later “black pride” movements.