In Britain... VICTORIAN TIMES ✔ From 1837 to 1901, Queen _____ reigned over Great Britain. Victori a ✔ She was queen for over 63 years! (She reigned longer than any other British monarch)

✔ In 1840, she married Prince Albert. ✔ They enjoyed family life and had nine children. ✔ Queen Victoria was a very important British monarch ✔ During her reign, Britain became the richest and most powerful nation in the world

✔ Today, many places around the world are named after QUEEN VICTORIA: CLICK HERE TO HAVE A LOOK AT THEM Statue in Kesington Gardens Statue on Blackfriars bridge Memorial Statue in Buckingham Palace ✔ In London (and in many other cities) you can find statues dedicated to Queen Victoria

In Spain... ✔ From 1833 to 1868, Isabel II (Bourbon queen) reigned over Spain ✔ After the Spanish revolution in 1868, the Bourbons were removed from the power in Spain ✔ In Barcelona, it starts a political tendency of catalanism Interest in Catalan traditions, institutions and culture

✔ Two more Bourbon kings came to the power in Spain during the 19 th century: Alfonso XII (Isabel II's son) Alfonso XIII (Alfonso XII's son) ✔ The republicans (they did not want a king or a queen) were not very happy

✔ In the 19 th century, both Barcelona and London grew rapidly: Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world Barcelona was the most important city of the Spanish Industrial Revolution WHY?

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ✔ Thanks to the introduction of STEAM-POWERED machines It converts the energy as pressure in steam into mechanical force steam ship steam locomotive steam factory machinery APPLICATIONS:

✔ In Barcelona and in London, cotton and metallurgy industries developed very quickly ✔ Many factories were built to house the new machines ✔ The new factories needed more people to work in them, so the cities grew rapidly

ON THE RAILS ✔ In 1830, the world's first “inter city” route was opened between Liverpool and Manchester ✔ The first important railway station in London was Euston, which opened in 1837 ✔ Spain's first railway was built between Barcelona and Mataró in 1848

EXHIBITIONS ✔ In 1851, the GREAT EXHIBITION was organized in London ✔ The Crystal Palace was built in Hyde Park ✔ The exhibition celebrated industry and technology ✔ In 1888, the WORLD EXHIBITION was celebrated in Barcelona ✔ The exhibition showed technological progresses from different countries ✔ It was held in an area compressed between the Arc del Triomf and the Parc de la Ciutadella

✔ The introduction of the and the growth of made the cities change How did Barcelona and London change during the 19 th century? railwa y industr y

London ✔ They built many brick houses for the factory workers ✔ Many factories were built ✔ The city tripled its size throughout the 19 th century ✔ Housing conditions for workers were very poor

✔ The railway made it possible for middle class people to live on the outskirts. ✔ Middle-class people lived in large, comfortable houses

Barcelona ✔ Until ➔ Barcelona was confined in the Medieval walls ➔ In this space, the city had to hold... around more people the new factories ➔ The living conditions inside the walls were very poor

➔ New factories and workers houses began to appear in the villages around Barcelona Gràcia Sants Sant Martí Sant Andreu ➔ The city needed to knock down its walls to expand throughout the area between walls and the villages around ➔ From 1854 to 1856, the Medieval walls were knocked down Barcelona needed a plan to design all this new area...

✔ In 1859, Cerdà's urban planning was passed Ildefons Cerdà L'Eixampl e L'Eixample connected Barcelona to the villages around The plan consisted of a grid of streets with three great avenues cutting across The corners of each block were cut to make small squares at the intersections which give light, air and space

✔ By 1900, the population of Barcelona had increased enormously (from about inhabitants in 1859, to in 1900) In 1897, the villages around Barcelona (Sants, Gràcia, St Martí..) were incorporated into the city A lot of people from the country came to the city to work in the new factories WHY?

✔ At the end of the 19 th century, they started to fill in the grid with buildings ✔ What buildings do you think that belong to that moment? Torre Agbar Santa Maria del Pi Roman Walls after 15BC (incorporated into the walls of the Cathedral) La Pedrera Casa Amatller La Sagrada Família unfinished Barcelona produced its ___________ MODERNISME

➢ Can you recognize them?

ANTONI GAUDÍ DOMÈNECH I MONTANER JOSEP PUIG I CADAFALCH La Pedrera Casa Batlló La Sagrada Família unfinished Casa Lleó i Morera 1905 Palau de la Música Casa Amatller Casa de les Punxes