Date of download: 9/18/2016 From: “Nonfunctional” Adrenal Tumors and the Risk for Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Cohort Study Ann Intern.

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Date of download: 9/18/2016 From: “Nonfunctional” Adrenal Tumors and the Risk for Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Cohort Study Ann Intern Med. Published online August 02, doi: /M Selection of study participants and identification of exposure status (NFATs vs. no adrenal tumors). GRA = glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism; NFAT = nonfunctional adrenal tumor. * Serum cortisol level >50 nmol/L on 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test or 24-h urinary free cortisol level ≥138 nmol. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 9/18/2016 From: “Nonfunctional” Adrenal Tumors and the Risk for Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Cohort Study Ann Intern Med. Published online August 02, doi: /M Cases of incident composite diabetes during longitudinal follow-up. Eligible participants had no diabetes at baseline (the time of imaging) and had ≥3 y of follow-up. NFAT = “nonfunctional” adrenal tumor. A. All eligible participants (n = 110 with NFATs and 615 without adrenal tumors). Those with NFATs had subclinical hypercortisolism excluded on the basis of either 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test or 24-h urinary free cortisol level. B. Participants without adrenal tumors (n = 615) and those with NFATs who had subclinical hypercortisolism excluded on the basis of cortisol level ≤50 nmol/L on 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (n = 73). C. Participants without adrenal tumors (n = 615) and those with NFATs who had subclinical hypercortisolism excluded on the basis of 24-h urinary free cortisol level <138 nmol (n = 50). D. Exploratory analysis in which participants with adrenal tumors who were initially excluded from the main analysis due to subclinical hypercortisolism were included. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 9/18/2016 From: “Nonfunctional” Adrenal Tumors and the Risk for Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Cohort Study Ann Intern Med. Published online August 02, doi: /M “Nonfunctional” adrenal tumor size, cortisol levels, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. DST = dexamethasone suppression test; NFAT = nonfunctional adrenal tumor; Q = quartile; UFC = urinary free cortisol. Top. Relationship between NFAT size and degree of serum cortisol suppression after 1-mg DST, where all values are ≤50 nmol/L. Middle. Relationship between NFAT size and 24-h UFC level, where all values are <138 nmol. Solid lines are mean regression lines, dotted lines indicate 95% CIs for mean regressions, and dashed lines indicate 95% CIs for observed values. Bottom. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in participants with NFATs, by quartile of “normal” serum cortisol levels after 1-mg DST, where all values are ≤50 nmol/L. Circles indicate prevalence, and error bars represent 95% CIs. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 9/18/2016 From: “Nonfunctional” Adrenal Tumors and the Risk for Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Cohort Study Ann Intern Med. Published online August 02, doi: /M Schematic representation of the continuum of metabolic and cardiovascular risk associated with adrenal tumors. Compared with morphologically normal adrenal glands that secrete no excess adrenocortical hormones, what we currently define as “nonfunctional” adrenal tumors (according to current criteria) are associated with a higher risk for diabetes. This risk may be attributed to low-grade secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid within ranges currently considered normal. The development of subclinical hypercortisolism, compared with nonfunctional adrenal tumors, increases the risk for cardiovascular events and death, whereas overt hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) carries a high risk for severe metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The importance of this continuum is underscored by the fact that nonfunctional adrenal tumors are highly prevalent, whereas subclinical hypercortisolism is less common and overt Cushing syndrome is rare. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

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