Gade Emotions 3: Emotional face expression and other assessment methods Anders Gade

Gade Emotions: 4 (at least) components to measure to measure * Physiological (autonomic) arousal) *Motor components (including face expressions; and perception of emotion signals) * Phenomenological (’feelings’), self-report *Modulation of cognition

Gade Autonomic arousal Heart rate increase Blood pressure increase Pupillary dilation Blood vessels in muscles dilate Blood vessels in gut and skin constrict Digestion is inhibited Glucose from liver is increased Sweat production is increased … all, or almost all, is mediated by the sympathetic part of ANS

Gade How to mea- sure ?

Gade G alvanic S kin R esponse E lectrodermal S kin C onductance E lectro- D ermal A ctivity S kin C onductance R esponse

Gade SCR as a measurement of arousal Oscar-Berman, M, & Gade, A. (1979). Electrodermal measures of arousal in humans with cortical or subcortical brain damage. In H.Kimmel, E.van Olst, & J.Orlebeke (Eds.). The orienting reflex in humans (pp ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

Gade Tranel, 2000: SCR in 36 patients with focal lesions Ventromedial / orbital prefrontal cortex (N:6): Impaired ”psychological SCR”, normal ”physical SCR” Right inferior parietal region (N:4): Impaired SCR with both physical and emotional stimuli Cingulate gyrus (N:5): Impaired SCR with both physical and emotional stimuli

Gade Amygdala correlation with autonomic measures (SCR) *Furmark et al., 1997 (PET) *Furmark et al., 1997 (PET) *La Bar et al., 1998 (fMRI) *La Bar et al., 1998 (fMRI) *Morris et al., 1999 (PET; masked stimuli) and many others….

Gade Conscious (overt) and unconscious (covert) face recognition & SCR % correctly recogn. SCR magnitude ( my S) Tranel et al., 1995; Tranel, patients

Gade Science, 269, (1995) #2650c Bilateral amygdala lesion Bilateral hippocampus lesion Bilateral lesion to both hippocampus and amygdala

Gade Bilateral amygdala lesion Bilateral hippocampus lesion Bilateral lesion to both hippocampus and amygdala Episodic memory (5 min. after conditioning) PerfectNil

Gade Arousal and valence

Gade IAPS International Affective Picture System (>700 images; Free download upon application) Lang et al., 1997; Bradley & Lang, 2000 Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B.N. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-8. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Gade valence arousal Affective judgments - case study: Patient with right temporal lobectomy – inc. amygdala Arousal Roligophidset Afslappetstimuleret Søvnigvågen

Gade IAPS-images in ”affective space” defined by the mean ratings of arousal (x-axis) and pleasure (y-axis)

Gade IAPS & EMG in ”eyebrow muscle” Relaxed with pleasant pictures - No effect of arousal

Gade IAPS and heart rate Classictriphasicpattern- In practice difficult to analyze and interpret

Gade IAPS and SCR Marked and fairly stable effect of arousal- No effect of valence

Gade IAPS SCR-correlation - with arousal

Gade

Emotional facial expressions

Gade Charles Darwin, 1872 The expression of the emotions in man and animals

Gade Ekman, 1973 Some emotional facial expressions are universal – they are similarly expressed and understood i all cultures

T h e E k m a n 6 0 F a c e s t e s t - S t i m u l i T h e E k m a n 6 0 F a c e s t e s t - S t i m u l i  Stimuli are expressions of – anger – disgust – fear – happiness – sadness – surprise

Gade F acial E xpressions of E motion: S timuli and T ests Published 2002 by Thames Valley (now sold by Pearson) Young et al.

Gade INS Berlin 2003:Reiner Sprengelmeyer

From left to right, the columns show 90%, 70%, 50%, 30% and 10% morphs along each continuum.From left to right, the columns show 90%, 70%, 50%, 30% and 10% morphs along each continuum. In each case, information from the prototype expression of the emotion at each end of the continuum is blended in the proportions shown at the top of the figure.In each case, information from the prototype expression of the emotion at each end of the continuum is blended in the proportions shown at the top of the figure. T h e E m o t i o n H e x a g o n t e s t - S t i m u l i

Gade Morphed images: graded expressions Including ’caricatures’)

Gade Startle reflex & fear-potentiated startle Eyeblink component may be measured by EMG with two electrodes under the eye J.Exp.Child Psychol., 110, (2011) #1634b Used by Mats Fred- rikson - ask him !

Gade discussion