Intro to Biology Characteristics of Life Intro to Biology

UNIT I PART A –THEMES OF BIOLOGY, BASIC CHEMISTRY, WATER, & pH I. WHAT IS “LIFE”? (pg. 4-6) A. Complexity of Life Biology - the study of _____. To study “life” is to study a subject that is awesomely complex. Our common goal is that you ______________ life because it is only when you understand that you can truly _______... “If you ____________, you _______; when you _______, you _____________! To accomplish this, there are two important keys: 1. Active Listening 2. Responsible Learning – A responsible learner takes care of business; that is, does what he/she needs to do to truly learn ! Life understand learnmemorizeforget learnremember

B. Characteristics of Life (pgs. 6 – 10) 1. Living things are made of _______. A cell is the __________ unit of _____. * ______________ - single-celled organisms; ex. Bacteria, amoeba, paramecium * ________________ - organisms made up of more than one cell; ex. Humans, frogs, mushrooms, insects, plants CELLS smallestlife Unicellular Multicellular OR

2. Living things _______________. If this did not occur, species would _________. (important for the survival of the species, but not necessarily important for the survival of the individual organism.) Two types of reproduction : REPRODUCE die out Sexual _________ - in which the new organism has a single parent. ( no exchange of genetic material) _________- in which two cells from different parents unite to produce the embryo. (exchange of genetic material) Asexual

3. Living things ________& ___________. Growth - all living things grow during at least part of their lives. Development – describes ___________ changes that take place during the lifetime of an organism. GROW DEVELOP physical ENERGY sun photosynthesisplants 4. Living things obtain and use __________. Some organisms (autotrophs/producers) obtain energy directly from the _____ (ultimate source of energy) and use it to make their own food through a process called ___________________. Ex: _________, some bacteria & some protists. Other organisms (heterotrophs/consumers) have to obtain their energy from the food they eat. Ex: animals, fungi. All organisms use food energy for _______________ - the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes. metabolism

5. Living things _____________TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT. Organisms detect and respond to certain environmental cues or __________, which can be __________ (light and temperature), or __________ (blood glucose level). RESPOND stimuli external internal 6. Living things maintain a _____________ internal environment. This is called _______________ or “internal harmony. CONSTANT homeostasis 7. As a group, living things __________, or change over time. EVOLVE

8. Living things contain a ____________ genetic code, which is deoxyribonucleic acid, or _____. This genetic code determines the inherited traits of every organism on Earth. DNA UNIVERSAL

C. Hierarchies of Life 1. Biological Structure a. _________ - smallest unit of matter that retains its elemental properties. b. ______________ - groups of atoms bonded together. c. _______________ - the components of cells, such as ribosomes or mitochondria. d. _______ - Smallest unit of structure and function in all living things. ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES CELLS CELLS

e. ______________ - independent living thing. Depending on the complexity, the organism may be composed of: 1.__________ - groups of cells working together 2.____________ - groups of _________ working together. 3._____________________ - groups of ___________ working together. ORGANISM ORGANISM TISSUES TISSUES ORGANS ORGANS SYSTEMS ORGANS Levels of Structural Organization: 1.Chemical 2.Cells 3.Tissues 4.Organs 5.Organ Systems 6.Organisms 7.Population

2. Cellular Organization a. __________________ ( without a ___________ and membrane bound organelles) b. ________________ ( with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles). PROKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC nucleus EUKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

3.Kingdoms – Living things are organized by their structural complexity and placed in one of six kingdoms. Archaebacteria  Eubacteria  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  ___________. ANIMALIA

4. Biological Systems – There are levels of organization beyond the individual organism. For example: a. _______________ - Group of organisms of one species in one area b. _______________ - Different populations that live together in a specific area. c. ______________ - A community and its _________________________. d. _____________ - EarthPOPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM non-living components BIOSPHERE