Bellringer  Do you think history REALLY repeats itself?  How do we learn from History? Give at least two examples explaining your answer. Remember to write in complete sentences!!!! Vietnam War War in Iraq

The Muslim Empires The Ottoman Empire 8-1

Rise of the Ottoman Empire  The Ottoman Dynasty began in the late 13 th Century.  Expanded into the Balkans in the 14 th Century Ottoman rulers claimed the name of Sultan and built a strong military. HOW WERE THEY ABLE TO BUILD A STRONG MILITARY?

Janissaries  Janissaries  Janissaries - elite guard of local Christians who converted to Islam and served as soldiers. HOW DID THEY BECOME SUCESSFUL?  The Ottomans mastered the new technology of firearms (Guns).  The Janissaries trained as a well-armed infantry.

Ottoman Empire Expands Western Asia, North Africa and Europe.  Over the next 300 years Ottoman rule expanded into areas of Western Asia, North Africa and Europe.  Mehmet II: Ended the Byzantine Empire and captured Constantinople. Mehmet at Constantinople

The Nature of Ottoman Rule  Often called a “gunpowder empire.”  These empires were formed by conquerors principally based on their mastering the technology of firearms.

The Ottoman System  Sultan:  Sultan: head of the Ottoman System Served as the state’s political and military leader. HOW DOES ONE BECOME SULTAN? A hereditary position passed on to a son. Son’s often battled for succession causing conflict throughout Ottoman history.

The Sultan’s Administration  The empire adopted a centralized administration. Due to power and prestige the Sultan was often isolated in his palace.  The Topkapi (“iron gate”) Palace: The center of the Sultan’s Power.

The Topkapi  Built by Mehmet II the palace had an administrative function and served as a residence.  Harem:  Harem: “Sacred Place” The sultans private domain. Where the Sultan and his wives resided The sultan often chose four wives as his favorites.

Inside the Topkapi

The Grand Vizier  The Sultan controlled his bureaucracy through a council that met four times a week.  Grand Vizier: A chief minister that led the meetings. The sultan sat behind a screen and indicated his desire to the grand vizier.

Religion in the Ottoman World  Ottomans were Sunni Muslims. Rulers were responsible for guiding the flock and maintaining Islamic law.  Ulema: A Group of religious advisors chosen by the Sultan to administer the legal system and Muslim Schools.

Ottoman Society  Subjects were divided into four occupational groups: Peasants, artisans, merchants, and pastoral peoples. Peasants, artisans, merchants, and pastoral peoples.  Women were viewed as almost equal to men. They could own property, could not be forced to marry, and were granted divorces. Often served as senior officials in the palace.

Ottoman Art  Ottoman sultans actively supported the arts. Pottery, rugs, silk, other textiles, jewelry, arms, and armor all flourished.  Artists came from all over the world to enjoy the sultan’s patronage.

Ottoman Architecture  Greatest Ottoman artistic accomplishment was in architecture. Major concentration was 16 th Century Mosques. Hagia Sophia All modeled after Byzantines the floor plan of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.

Sinan  The Greatest Ottoman architect.  Built 81 mosques  Most famous building is the Suleimaniye Mosque in Istanbul.

Assignment  Read The Way it Was “Young People in…” on page  Write a letter from the perspective of a 15 year old boy who has been in the janissary corps for two years.  Think about the pro’s & con’s and what you would do in the same situation!!! 15 Points!!!!!