 Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter. It is divided into 6 branches Organic Chemistry, the study of carbon containing substances Inorganic Chemistry, the study of substances that do not contain carbon Analytical chemistry, the study of the composition of substances Physical Chemistry, the study of the behavior of chemicals Biochemistry, the study of the chemistry of living organisms Theoretical Chemistry, use of math and computers to understand and predict chemical behavior

 Basic research Is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge  Applied research Is carried out to solve a problem  Technological Development Production and use of products

 Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space Matter is made up of atoms Elements are pure forms of matter  Periodic chart Compounds are made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together

 Extensive properties Depend on the amount of matter present  Volume, mass, amount of energy in a substance  Intensive properties Do not depend on the amount of matter present  Melting point, boiling point, density, ability to conduct electricity, and energy transfer

 A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance Melting point, boiling point  A change in the substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance is a physical change Grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

 Solid Definite volume and shape  Liquid Definite volume but not a definite shape  Gas Has neither a definite volume or shape  Plasma High temperature state of matter in which most of the atoms loose their electrons

Solid, Liquid or Gas?

 Solid, Liquid or Gas?

 Relates to the chemicals ability to undergo change  Chemical reactions  Chemical changes  Reactants Products

 Energy is always involved in changes of matter or chemical changes  Endothermic Energy inward (reactions where the products hold more energy that the reactants)  Exothermic Energy outward (reactions where the reactants hold more energy than the products)

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

C= Chemical P= Physical

 Mixtures A blend of two or more kinds of matter  Homogeneous  Uniform in composition (can be called solutions)  Heterogeneous  Not uniform throughout  Pure substances Have a fixed composition  Every sample has the same properties  Every sample has the same composition

 Periodic table Groups, or families  The vertical columns Periods  The horizontal rows Lanthanide, and actinide series  Sits below the main chart

 Are good electrical and heat conductors  Shiny, Malleable, Ductile  Tend to lose electrons

 Dull or colorless  Many are gas at room temperature Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine,  One is liquid Bromine  Some are solid Carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, iodine  All non metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity

 Found between the metals and the non metals Metalloids have characteristics of each Some metalloids are semiconductors of electricity

 Generally do not react Gases at room temperature Have no unpaired electrons Used in balloons and lighting

The Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Experiment Publish Theory VS. Law Theory, a broad and extensively tested explanation of why experiments give certain results. Law, concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

Like all worthwhile endeavors this requires effort! Pick a good place to study Always study with paper and a pencil, so you can solve problems and take notes as you go Ask lots of questions, wonder “why?” more. READ your textbook and keep up on solving problems. Study every day, don’t try to “cram” before tests. Understand what you are doing every step of the way.