Early Colonization & Three Regions

Three Colonial Regions

The New England Colonies ZMassachusetts ZRhode Island ZNew Hampshire ZConnecticut

The Middles Colonies ZNew York ZNew Jersey ZPennsylvania ZDelaware

The Southern Colonies ZMaryland ZVirginia ZSouth Carolina ZNorth Carolina ZGeorgia

Government Z Proprietary Colony (Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware) ZLand Granted by British King to Proprietors ZCharters Z Charter Colony (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut) ZJoint Stock Companies ZColonial Assemblies Z Royal Colony (Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Georgia) ZDirectly Controlled by King ZAppointed Governors

Economy ZNew England Colonies ZCommerce ZShip Building ZAgriculture ZSmall Farms ZGrains ZMiddle Colonies ZCommerce ZAgriculture ZSmall Farms ZGrains ZSouthern Colonies ZAgriculture ZLarge Plantations and Small Farms ZTobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo, Grains ZSlavery

Geography Z New England Colonies ZCold weather, rocky terrain limited farming ZBoston and Newport develop Z Middle Colonies ZMore suitable soil than in NE, led to wheat as a staple crop ZPhiladelphia and NYC develop as major cities Z Southern Colonies ZClimate lends itself to large-scale agriculture ZDependence on slave labor, SC pop. over 50% slave ZCharlestown develops

Religion ZNew England Colonies ZReligious Intolerance ZPuritans Zoligarchy ZSeparatists ZMiddle Colonies ZReligious Tolerance ZProtestant Sects ZCatholics ZJews ZSouthern Colonies ZAnglicans ZGovernment support of the church

Life Styles ZNew England Colonies ZStrong Family Units ZLonger Life Span ZCustoms and Traditions- Grandparents ZStability ZCommunity ZReligion ZMiddle Colonies ZFamily ZCommunity ZDiversity ZSouthern Colonies ZPlantation Society ZFewer Families ZLess Healthy

English Coming to America... Interests of the English peaked by the findings of previous explorers. England wants/needs:England wants/needs: –Wealth- “get rich quick” scheme Pirates (sea dogs) would rob Spanish –Increase trade- English merchants –Religious Freedom Spread Protestantism

Theory of Mercantilism A country should try to get and keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible. A country should try to get and keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible. balance of trade or the difference between imports and exports, should show more exports than imports. balance of trade or the difference between imports and exports, should show more exports than imports.

The 13 Original Colonies

SALUTARY NEGLECT  Britain allowed its colonies more freedom to govern themselves than other European nations did.  Three causes: 1. England had a long tradition of strong local government and weak central power. 2. British government lacked the resources to enforce its wishes. 3. Britain gave the colonies freedom because the existing economy and politics served the Britain’s best interests.

EFFECTS OF TRADE LAWS  European countries fought over territory and trade routes.  British rulers tightened controls over the American colonies. King James II tried to take direct control over New York and New England by creating the Dominion of New England.  Many colonists were loyal to Britain.

Effects on War and Politics Navigation Act: tightened British control over colonial trade Navigation Act: tightened British control over colonial trade It required the colonies to sell certain goods only to England It required the colonies to sell certain goods only to England If colonists wanted to sell goods to other parts of the world, they had to pay a duty, or tax, on it. If colonists wanted to sell goods to other parts of the world, they had to pay a duty, or tax, on it.

Southern Colonies The economy was based on staple crops—crops that are in constant demand. The economy was based on staple crops—crops that are in constant demand. Staple crops included tobacco and rice, both grown on large plantations worked by slaves. Staple crops included tobacco and rice, both grown on large plantations worked by slaves. In Virginia and Maryland In Virginia and Maryland Slaves in Virginia and Maryland made up a minority of the population. Slaves in Virginia and Maryland made up a minority of the population. Few of those slaves came directly from Africa. Few of those slaves came directly from Africa. Slaves had other tasks in addition to growing crops. Slaves had other tasks in addition to growing crops. There was more integration of European American and African American cultures than in South Carolina and Georgia. There was more integration of European American and African American cultures than in South Carolina and Georgia. To save money, slave-owners encouraged slaves to have families. To save money, slave-owners encouraged slaves to have families.

Middle Colonies Economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of farming and commerce. Economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of farming and commerce. Rich, fertile soil produced wheat, barley, and rye. Rich, fertile soil produced wheat, barley, and rye. New York and Philadelphia supported the business of merchants, traders, and craftspeople. New York and Philadelphia supported the business of merchants, traders, and craftspeople.

New England Colonies New England economy relied on “carrying trade.” Merchants carried crops and goods from one place to another. New England economy relied on “carrying trade.” Merchants carried crops and goods from one place to another. There were far fewer slaves in New England and the Middle Colonies than in the South. There were far fewer slaves in New England and the Middle Colonies than in the South. Slaves had more freedom to choose their occupations. Slaves had more freedom to choose their occupations. Slaves in this region typically worked as cooks, housekeepers, and personal servants. They also worked as skilled artisans, dockworkers, merchant sailors, fishermen, whalers, privateers, lumberjacks, and in manufacturing. Slaves in this region typically worked as cooks, housekeepers, and personal servants. They also worked as skilled artisans, dockworkers, merchant sailors, fishermen, whalers, privateers, lumberjacks, and in manufacturing.

Section 2: Life in Colonial America Different types of jobs in the Colonies Different types of jobs in the ColoniesArtisans: Young boys became apprentices, individuals placed under a legal contract to work for another person in exchange for learning a trade. Young boys became apprentices, individuals placed under a legal contract to work for another person in exchange for learning a trade. Artisans made silver products, cabinets, tin- ware, pottery, and glassware. Artisans made silver products, cabinets, tin- ware, pottery, and glassware.

Different types of jobs in the Colonies Printers: Colonial printers were considered vital because they gathered and circulated local news and information. Colonial printers were considered vital because they gathered and circulated local news and information. Benjamin Franklin, one of America’s most famous printers, published Poor Richard’s Almanac. Benjamin Franklin, one of America’s most famous printers, published Poor Richard’s Almanac. An almanac is a book containing information such as calendars, weather predictions, and advice. An almanac is a book containing information such as calendars, weather predictions, and advice.

Different types of jobs in the Colonies Farmers: Farms in the colonies varied in size from large cash-crop plantations in the South Farms in the colonies varied in size from large cash-crop plantations in the South Small and self-supporting farms in the Middle and New England Colonies Small and self-supporting farms in the Middle and New England Colonies

Different types of jobs in the Colonies Fishermen: Fish was dried, salted, and shipped out from harbor cities. Fish was dried, salted, and shipped out from harbor cities. Fishing became a strong industry and promoted the growth of shipbuilding. Fishing became a strong industry and promoted the growth of shipbuilding. Indentured Servants: Many immigrants came to the colonies as indentured servants Many immigrants came to the colonies as indentured servants Immigrants had their way to America’s paid for in return they worked as a servant in the family’s home that paid their way. (usually 6-10 years) Immigrants had their way to America’s paid for in return they worked as a servant in the family’s home that paid their way. (usually 6-10 years)

Triangle Trade The Middle Passage was one leg of the triangular trade also known as the forced transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas. The Middle Passage was one leg of the triangular trade also known as the forced transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas. Roughly 10 to 40 percent of Africans on slave trips died in the crossing. Slaves were beaten and had to endure chains; heat; and cramped, unsanitary conditions. Roughly 10 to 40 percent of Africans on slave trips died in the crossing. Slaves were beaten and had to endure chains; heat; and cramped, unsanitary conditions. Occasionally enslaved Africans staged a mutiny, or revolt, on the slave ships. Many of these were successful. Occasionally enslaved Africans staged a mutiny, or revolt, on the slave ships. Many of these were successful.

Triangle Trade

Slaves in the Colonies South Carolina and Georgia High temperatures and disease made slave conditions especially harsh in this region. High temperatures and disease made slave conditions especially harsh in this region. Slaves made up the majority of the population in South Carolina and more than one third of Georgia’s population. Slaves made up the majority of the population in South Carolina and more than one third of Georgia’s population. Southern slaves kept their culture alive through their speech, crafts, and music. Southern slaves kept their culture alive through their speech, crafts, and music.

Slave Laws Slaves that earned money as artisans or laborers had the possibility of saving enough to purchase their freedom Slaves that earned money as artisans or laborers had the possibility of saving enough to purchase their freedom Free African Americans did the same kind of work as enslaved African Americans, but were often worse off economically and socially Free African Americans did the same kind of work as enslaved African Americans, but were often worse off economically and socially Free blacks had poor living conditions Free blacks had poor living conditions Free blacks could not vote, testify in court, or marry whites. Free blacks could not vote, testify in court, or marry whites.

Revolts Stono Rebellion, several dozen slaves in South Carolina killed more than 20 whites. Stono Rebellion, several dozen slaves in South Carolina killed more than 20 whites. The rebels were captured and killed. The rebels were captured and killed. New York City had slave rebellions in 1708, 1712, and New York City had slave rebellions in 1708, 1712, and After the 1741 revolt, 13 African Americans were burned alive as punishment. After the 1741 revolt, 13 African Americans were burned alive as punishment. African Americans undertook almost 50 documented revolts between 1740 and African Americans undertook almost 50 documented revolts between 1740 and 1800.

French Indian War