Chapter 5 Lecture Access to Health Thirteenth Edition Understanding Your Sexuality © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Sexuality Sensuality: Awareness and feelings about our body and other people's bodies, especially the body of your sexual partner. Intimacy: Sexual identity:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexuality Sexual health and reproduction: A person's attitudes and behaviors related to producing children, care and maintenance of the sexual and reproductive organs, and health consequences of sexual behavior. Sexualization:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology Sexual identity is determined by the interaction of genetic, physiological, environmental, and social factors. The father's fertilizing sperm determines the child's sex. All eggs (ova) carry an X chromosome; sperm may carry either an X or Y chromosome. If a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the resulting combination of sex chromosomes (XX) produces a female. If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, the XY combination produces a male.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology Intersexuality: Gonads: The reproductive organs in men and women; testes produce sperm in males and ovaries produce eggs in females. Puberty:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology Pituitary gland: Secondary sex characteristics: The characteristics associated with sex but not directly related to reproduction, such as vocal pitch, body hair, and location of fat deposits. Gender:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology Socialization: The process by which a society communicates behavioral expectations to its individual members. Gender roles: Gender-role stereotype:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Intersexuality Intersex people are born with various levels of male and female biological characteristics, ranging from different chromosomal arrangements to a variety of primary and secondary characteristics. The case of Caster Semenya, shown right, who is a South African middle- distance runner. Not all persons with intersex opt for surgery if it is not medically required.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What Influences Sexual Identity Besides Biology?

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology Androgyny: Gender identity Transgendered: Having a gender identity that does not match one's biological sex.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Orientation Sexual orientation: A person's enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to other persons. Heterosexual: Homosexual: Bisexual:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Orientation Sexual prejudice: Recent data from the Department of Justice indicated that bias regarding sexual orientation was the motivation for approximately 18.5 percent of all hate crimes reported.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology By understanding the functions of the male and female reproductive systems, you will be better able to derive pleasure and satisfaction from your sexual relationships, be sensitive to your partner's wants and needs, and make responsible choices regarding your own sexual health.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Vulva (External Anatomy)Internal Organs Mons pubis Vagina Labia majora Uterus (womb) Labia minora Endometrium Urethral opening Cervix Clitoris Ovaries Vaginal opening Fallopian tubes (oviducts) -Hymen -Perineum Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Female Reproductive System: External Anatomy

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Female Reproductive System: Internal Organs

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle Puberty: Menarche: Ovulation: Menstrual cycle: Its three phases over an average of 28 days include the: –Proliferative phase –Secretory phase –Menstrual phase

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The Three Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Hormonal Control and Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Menstrual Problems Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Dysmenorrhea Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) It is estimated that about 75 percent of menstruating women experience PMS every month, but symptoms are mild and short-lived for most.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Menopause It results in decreased estrogen levels, which may cause vaginal dryness, hot flashes, headaches, dizziness, and joint pain. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. External AnatomyInternal Organs Penis Testes Scrotum Epididymides Vasa deferentia Ejaculatory ducts Urethra Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Cowper's glands Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Male Reproductive System: External Anatomy

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Male Reproductive System: Internal Organs

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Points of View: Circumcision—Risk Versus Benefit

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Andropause Older men generally have lower testosterone levels than younger men. These men may experience:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Human Sexual Response Stages of sexual response include the following: –Excitement/arousal—Vasocongestion –Orgasm— –Resolution—

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Response

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Response among Older Adults Changes that occur in older people include the following: Women Men

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is ''Normal'' Sexual Behavior? As with any other human behavior, the idea of ''normal'' sexual behavior varies from person to person and society to society, usually along a spectrum of perceived acceptability or appropriateness.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Expressing Your Sexuality Common sociocultural standards in Western culture include: –The coital standard –The orgasmic standard –The two-person standard –The romantic standard –The safer-sex standard

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Celibacy Autoerotic behaviors –Sexual fantasies –Masturbation Kissing and erotic touching Manual stimulation Options for Sexual Expression Oral–genital stimulation –Cunnilingus –Fellatio Vaginal intercourse Anal intercourse

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexuality and Disability Disabled people are not asexual as a rule, and it is possible for a disabled person to have a sex life. Challenges may be physical and psychological. Each disabled person is unique, and it is important to consider that person's challenges and feelings.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sex on Campus Approximately 74 percent of college students report having had one or no sexual partners in the previous school year. Forty-five percent of students report having had oral sex one or more times in the previous 30 days. Almost 50 percent report having had vaginal sex in the past 30 days.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sex on Campus Five percent report having had anal intercourse in the last 30 days. 1.7 percent of females report having had an unintentional pregnancy and 1.9 percent of males reported having impregnating someone during the past school year.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Responsible and Satisfying Sexual Behavior Healthy sexuality results from assimilating information and skills, exploring values and beliefs, and making responsible and informed choices. It includes the following:

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Variant Sexual Behavior Variant sexual behavior describes sexual behavior that most people do not engage in, for example: –Group sex –Swinging –Fetishism –Exhibitionism –Voyeurism –Sadomasochism –Pedophilia –Autoerotic asphyxiation

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Dysfunction Sexual desire disorders –Inhibited sexual desire –Sexual aversion disorder Sexual arousal disorders –Erectile dysfunction (ED) Orgasm disorders –Premature ejaculation –Delayed ejaculation –Female orgasmic disorder

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sexual Dysfunction Sexual pain disorders –Dyspareunia: –Vaginismus: Seeking help for sexual dysfunction –American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Drugs and Sex Alcohol is notorious for reducing inhibitions and promoting feelings of well- being and desirability. At the same time, alcohol inhibits sexual response; the mind may be willing while the body is not. ''Date rape'' drugs are becoming prevalent on college campuses and have been a growing concern in recent decades.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The Sex Industry Pornography refers to any visual or literary depiction of sexual activity intended to be sexually arousing. –Pornographic websites make up 12 percent of all websites. –Of adult Internet users in the United States, over 40 percent visit pornographic sites each month. Prostitution is the practice of engaging in sexual acts for money. –Illegal sex workers often have issues with substance abuse, sexual violence, and sexually transmitted diseases.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Assessing Yourself–A Personal Inventory Go online to the Live It! section of to take the ''What Are Your Sexual Attitudes and Preferences?'' assessment. Are you comfortable with your sexual identity and orientation? Are you comfortable accepting people who may be different from you? If you are sexually active, are you able to communicate honestly with your partner?