1. Anatomy and Physiology Overview
The female reproductive system consists of a left and right ovary, which are the female's primary sex organs, and the following accessory sex organs:
Two fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Vulva
Two breasts

2. Figure 17.2 Female organs of reproduction and associated structures.

3. Figure 17.2 (continued) Female organs of reproduction and associated structures.3

4. Fallopian Tubes Fertilization
23 chromosomes from the male combine with the 23 chromosomes from the female.
Generally occurs within 24 hours following ovulation and usually takes place in the fallopian tube.
A single sperm penetrates the ovum, and the resulting cell is called a zygote.

5. Ovaries
Anterior lobe of pituitary gland primarily controls functional activity of ovaries.
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone): instrumental in development of ovarian follicles.
LH (luteinizing hormone): stimulates development of the corpus luteum, a small yellow mass of cells that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle.

6. Ovaries The ovaries have two major functions: The production of ova
Each month a graafian follicle ruptures on the ovarian cortex, and an ovum discharges into the pelvic cavity, where it enters the fallopian tube.
This process is known as ovulation.
In an average normal woman, more than 400 ova may be produced during her reproductive years.

7. Ovaries The ovaries have two major functions:
The production of hormones
The ovary is also an endocrine gland, producing estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen
Female sex hormone secreted by the ovarian follicles.
Progesterone
A steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum.
Important in the maintenance of pregnancy.

8. Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle occurs every 21 to 40 days and has three phases:
Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase

9. Figure 17.8 Ovary.

10. Figure 17.6 During ovulation, the ovum leaves the ovary and enters the fallopian tube. Subsequent changes in the fertilized ovum from conception to implantation are depicted. 10

11. Anatomy and Physiology Overview
Male reproductive system
Testes
Various ducts
Urethra
Accessory glands
Bulbourethral
Prostate
Seminal vesicles

12. Anatomy and Physiology Overview
Supporting structures and accessory sex organs
Scrotum
Penis
Vital function of male reproductive system
Provide the sperm cells necessary to fertilize the ovum, thereby perpetuating the species

13. Figure 18.1 Male reproductive system: seminal vesicles, prostate, urethra, vas deferens, epididymis, and external genitalia.

14. External Organs Testes Testosterone
Male sex hormone produced by cells in the testes
Responsible for development of secondary male characteristics during puberty and maintaining them through adulthood

15. Figure 18.2 Sagittal section of the male pelvis, showing the organs of the reproductive system.15