The Beginning of the End…. 2014 end of war. Can we have peace without victory?

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Presentation transcript:

The Beginning of the End… end of war

Can we have peace without victory?

Russia leaves the War Bolshevik Revolution Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Lenin pulls Russian troops out in 1918 Germany can focus on the West

TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK

reintroduction of sub-warfare 6 weeks food left 470 ships sunk

1917: U.S. Enters the War Lusitania Submarine warfare Zimmerman note Cultural & economic ties

Zimmerman Telegram

Victory! March 1918—final showdown Germans are exhausted Kaiser forced to step down & flees to the Netherlands Germany seeks armistice

Woodrow Wilson delivers war message Woodrow Wilson 14 points make world safe for democracy

Fourteen Points End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reductions Self-determination League of Nations

Armistice cessation of fighting, not surrender Foch November 11, :00 AM

Armistice lines in Europe 1918

Costs of the War Loss of life and property

Total Casualties in World War I

Casualties of World War I Allies

Casualties of World War I Central Powers

Total Casualties in World War I

Esnes

The Fragile Peace…

2. The Allied Powers England FranceItaly United States

The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference Lloyd George Clemenceau D’OrlandoWilson

1. Security for France 2. Reparations: Rebuild damaged French industry Clemenceau The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference

Lloyd George Destroy German navy Acquire German colonies Reparations The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference But… He wants Germany strong enough to block Communist spread

Obtain territory promised in secret treaty D’Orlando The “Big Four” Paris Peace Conference

No annexation No punitive damages Self-determination Wilson “Peace without victory ”

Fourteen Points End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reductions Self-determination League of Nations

Hall of Mirrors at peace signing 35 nations attended actually 5 treaties

The Treaty of Versailles Germany accepts full blame Reparations (>$30 billion) Limited German military Alsace-Lorraine returned to France Germany stripped of colonies

new nations

loss of territory

new nations

Members non-Members Resigned League of Nations

Who is responsible for the war? Peace of Europe

Can we have peace without victory?

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