World War I

Causes of WWI Nationalism  Growth of national pride  Causes rivalry e.g: proud of being American, Mexican, Latino, etc. Imperialism  Imperialism causes rivalry  Countries want to take over more land Militarism  Countries believe they need to have strong military powers and having an army ready to go to war (and need to use it)

Causes of WWI Alliances  Countries begin to make several alliances to make peace, and prevent war Germany especially fears France  1860s France and Germany went to war and Germany won; Germany fears France will one day want revenge So Germany forms the Triple Alliance  Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy  Germany makes an independent treaty with Russia But the ruler lets the treaty end Russia then forms a treaty with France, Britain fearing Germany makes a treaty with both Russia and France

Nationalism

Militarism

Alliances

So What are the causes of WWI?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Balkans Many areas that were part the Ottoman Empire separate.  “Powder Keg of Europe” Serbia a country of Slavs tries to absorb all Slavs and make a country of Slavs Many slavs are under Austria-Hungary; Bosnia- Herzegovina is annexed by Austria-Hungary. (people who are Slavs) and angers Serbia Russia will support Serbia because they are also Slavs  And can influence Serbia

Shot Heard Around the World Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, is killed on a visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia Killed by Gavrilo Princip, member of the terrorist organization the Black Hand  Want freedom of Bosnia  He is Serbian

Excuse for Austria to attack Serbia They gave Serbia the Ultimatum that if they do not hand over Princip, they will attack Serbia Serbia says no, and the war is on Russia supports Serbia and therefore Russia declares war on Austria Hungary? What do you think happens next?

Back to the Alliances. alliances; Triple Entente France Britain and Russia Central Powers Ottoman Empire, Austria- Hungary, and Germany If one country goes to war, everyone goes to war

July 31, 1914: Russia announces full mobilization of its armed forces. August 1, 1914: Germany, taking Russia’s mobilization as a defacto declaration of war, declares war on Russia. August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France. August 4, 1914: Germany declares war on neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany.

The War Starts Nations Take Sides By mid-August 1914, there are two sides at war throughout Europe: Central Powers—Germany, Austria-Hungary; later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire Allies—Great Britain, France, Russia; later joined by Japan, Italy (once an ally of Germany, but switched sides because Italians believed the war was unjustly started)

A Bloody Stalemate The war turned into a long and bloody stalemate. along the battlefields of France. This deadlocked region in northern France became known as the Western Front. The Schlieffen Plan  Called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia.  Counted on the slow mobilization of Russian forces due to lack of railways.  Called for 39 days for the fall of Paris, and 42 days for the defeat of France.

By early September Germany had swept into France and reached the outskirts of Paris September 5, 1914—At the First Battle of the Marne, Germany is forced to retreat. With this defeat the Schlieffen Plan failed because Germany was then forced to fight a two front war.

War in the Trenches Conflict descends into trench warfare—armies fighting from trenches. Battles result in many deaths and very small land gains. Life in trenches is miserable, difficult, unsanitary. New weapons only lead to more deaths. The slaughter reached a peak in 1916.

poison Gas chlorine and phosgene—both toxic substances that caused suffocation mustard gas —a blistering agent that caused severe burns and blisters on the skin and stripped severely damaged the lungs. It sometimes took five weeks to die from mustard gas exposure. machine gun tank submarine airplanes

(Don't Copy Just Read) Trench Foot Affected feet become numb and then turn red or blue. As the condition worsens, they may swell. Advanced immersion foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections; this is sometimes called tropical ulcer (jungle rot). If left untreated, immersion foot usually results in gangrene, which can require amputation. If immersion foot is treated properly, complete recovery is normal, though it is marked by severe short-term pain when feeling returns. Like other cold injuries, immersion foot leaves sufferers more susceptible to it in the future.

Eastern Front Early Fighting Eastern Front—site of main fighting along the German-Russian border. Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to retreat. Russia Struggles Russia’s war effort was suffering by 1916; many casualties and few supplies. The huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force and prevents Germany from sending more troops to the Western Front.