El imperativo Commands in Spanish

Tú commands In English we use a lot of commands. In Spanish they do as well. Where do we hear a lot of commands in English Our parents or other authority figures say a lot of commands

La formación de los mandatos How do we form a tú command? Conjugate the verb into the tú form and drop the –s from its ending. *Looks like the (él, ella form) For example: Tú habla These are commands. They look Tú corre like the he/she/ it form in the Tú escribe positive context.

Irregular verbs in tú positivo Like any verb conjugation there are always exceptions to the rules. Here are the irregulars what you will just have to memorize. decir (to say), di hacer (to make or do), haz ir (to go), ve poner (to put), pon salir (to leave), sal ser (to be), sé tener (to have), ten venir (to come), ven

Reflexive postitive tú commands When you have a reflexive verb in the positive way of talking in command format you attach the ending to the conjugated verb.(conjugate like a normal command) Examples: Duchate (ducharse) Levantate (levantarse) Sientate (sentarse)

Práctica con el positivo Conjugate the following verbs into tú postive commands. Cocinar Escribir Escuchar Correr Ir decir Hacer Poner Venir Tener Llamarse levantarse

Negative commands For negative commands conjugate the verb normally into the tú form (including the –s), put a no in front of the verb, Change the ending to the opposite ending. If the verb ends in an –ar use –er/-ir endings If the verb ends in –er/-ir use –ar endings.

Ejemplos: Escribir Comer Cantar Negative command  no escribas Negative command no comas Cantar Negative command  no cantes

Irregular negative tú commands The irregular verbs follow a pattern mainly. You use the I form of the verb in present tense and change the ending to be the opposite ending Ejemplos: Tener tengo  no tengas Decir digono digas Venirvengo no vengas Poner pongo  no pongas Salir salgo  no salgas Hacerhago no hagas

Complete irregulars There are some you will just have to remember because they don’t follow the same pattern. Ir Present tense voy Negative command no vayas Saber Present tense sé Negative command no sepas Ser Present tense soy Negative command no seas

Reflexive negative verbs Conjugate the same as a regular negative verb (opposite ending) and put the pronoun in front of the verb. Example: Levantarse No te levantes Dormirse No te duermas

Practice Negative commands No correr No beber No tener No ser No hablar No cocinar No escribir No nadar No ir No hacer No saber

-car, -gar, -zar verbs C qu G gu Zc Verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar have an orthographic change (spelling change) sometimes. Practicar tocar Jugar Pagar Empezar Almorzar C qu G gu Zc * Only when the next letter is an “e”

Write the following in negative tú commands Practicar tocar Jugar Pagar Empezar Almorzar No practiques No toques No juegues No pagues No empieces No almuerces

Indirect and direct object pronouns Affirmative commands with object pronouns: with an affirmative command, the object pronoun(s) will be attached directly to the end of the verb in its imperative form. ¡estúdialo! Hazme un favor Note that the original stress will be retained. In spanish words that end with a vowel or “n”, or “s”, the natural stress will fall on the next to last syllable . When the addition of an object pronoun (or pronouns) affects the original stress you will add an accent mark. Cómelo dígame

Indirect and direct object pronouns continued When 2 object pronouns are involved remember RID Reflexive Indirect Direct In other words a reflexive pronoun will precede an indirect or direct pronoun, and an indirect pronoun will precede a direct pronoun. If both indirect and direct pronouns begin with the letter “l” the indirect will change to “se” Dímelo = tell it to me Cómpratelo = buy it for yourself Dáselo = Give it to him

Indirect and direct object pronouns Negatives Negative commands with object pronouns: With a negative command, the object pronoun(s) will precede the verb in its imperative form. The object pronoun will be independent of the verb. When there are 2 object pronouns, The RID rule applies. No me mires =don’t look at me No lo hagas= don’t do it No se lo digas = don’t tell it to him No los compres = don’t buy them

Nosotros Commands We commands in English mean “let’s” How do we form the commands? It’s very simple… nosotros form in present tense but with the opposite endings Ejemplos: hablar  hablemos Comer comamos

Nosotros commands Reflexive verbs Just like with tú commands we attach the pronoun at the end of the verb. Levantarse levantemos levantémonos Despertarse despertemos despertémonos * notice that there are accent marks when you add the “nos” to the verb.

Stem changing verbs Stem changing (-ar/-er) verbs do not change For example Cerramos  lets close the door Stem changing ir verbs change the e-i or o-u No durmamos  lets not sleep Prefiramos lets prefer (preferir)

Practice Make the following verbs into nosotros commands. Cantar Escribir Dormirse Gritar Irse Nadar

Negative nosotros commands Negative commands also use the opposite endings. The “no” is still in front of the verb and the verb is in the nosotros form then change the ending to be its opposite. Example: comer No comer no comamos What does this mean for the irregulars?

Irregular nosotros commands There are only a few irregulars for this conjugation. Infinitive positive negative Ir vamos no vayamos Ser seamos no seamos Saber sepamos no sepamos

More irregulars The other irregulars are the same as the ones from the negative tú commands. Use the present tense yo form of the irregulars and add the opposite endings decir (to say), digamos hacer (to make or do), hagamos poner (to put), pongamos salir (to leave), salgamos tener (to have), tengamos venir (to come), vengamos

Reflexive negative commands Just like with tu commands in the negative reflexive the no and the pronoun come before the verb. * still using opposite ending because it is negative. Ejemplos levantarse_ no nos levantemos.

Practiquemos Write the following in Spanish Let’s practice (practicar) Let’s wake up (despertarse) Let’s buy (comprar) Let’s not play (no jugar) Let’s go (irse) Let’s stand up (levantarse) Let’s not start (no empezar) Let’s drive (manejar) Let’s not sleep. (no dormirse)

Indirect and direct object pronouns (me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las) D.O (me, te, le, nos, les) I.O They are attached to the end of a positive command and placed before a negative command. For example: Let’s buy them Comprémoslos No los compremos RID rule still applies if there are more than one pronoun

Ustedes Commands Use the ustedes form from the present tense to make the commands and add the opposite endings. Hablar  hablen Vivir  vivan Beber  beban

Irregular uds commands Only if the yo form is irregular in the present tense Ponerpongan Decir digan

Other irregulars Ir vayan Ser sean Dar den Ver vean Saber sepan

IO and DO pronouns In the positive way of talking we add them onto the end of the verb. (attached) Denmelo Abranlas Comprenlos

Ustedes Commands Reflexive verbs Use the reflextive pronoun “se” to signify that it is the uds form. You form the verb by conjugating the verb into the uds form and then add the se on the end of the verb like the tú and nosotros form. Dormirse  duermanse Levantarse  levantense

Negative Ustedes Commands In the negative you change the endings like what we have been doing. Tener No tengan Comer No coman

Reflexive negative commands Again like we already know the negative command gets the opposite ending and the pronoun goes in front of the verb along with a no. No se duerman No se duchen No se cepillen

Usted Commands For regular verbs,to form an affirmative or a negative command do the following: 1. take the present tense yo form 2. drop the –o ending (or oy ending 3. for –ar verbs add an “e” for er/ir verbs add an “a” don’t forget the spelling change for –car –gar- and –zar Irregulars: ir  vaya Saber  sepa Sersea

Practica Usted Commands Fly__________________________ Return_________________________ Eat____________________________ Give___________________________ Give it to me_____________________________ Don’t wait for us ___________________________ Sit down __________________________ Put it there __________________________ Know it____________________________ Go away___________________________