Lead Up to WWII Please get out a sheet of notebook paper for note taking

Failures of the Treaty of Versailles Germany was upset with the “war guilt clause.” Germany was upset with the “war guilt clause.” Germans felt lack of security with no colonies Germans felt lack of security with no colonies –Hurt their economy. The Russians were upset with losing 25% of their land The Russians were upset with losing 25% of their land New democratic governments in Europe struggled to maintain order, leading to the rise in dictators. New democratic governments in Europe struggled to maintain order, leading to the rise in dictators.

The United States In 1929, the United States entered a severe economic depression (the Great Depression) In 1929, the United States entered a severe economic depression (the Great Depression) The US recognized a worldwide problem was coming, but feared making their economy worse. The US recognized a worldwide problem was coming, but feared making their economy worse. Americans became isolationists (did not want to get involved in foreign affairs) Americans became isolationists (did not want to get involved in foreign affairs)

Japan Nationalistic military leaders took control over Japan, and turned Japan into a military power by taking over nearby islands/countries. Nationalistic military leaders took control over Japan, and turned Japan into a military power by taking over nearby islands/countries. The League of Nations simply “condemned” Japan The League of Nations simply “condemned” Japan This caused Hitler to pull Germany out of the LoN in 1933 This caused Hitler to pull Germany out of the LoN in 1933

Italy invades and conquers Ethiopia (October 1935) Mussolini wanted to expand and Ethiopia was next to Italian Somaliland Mussolini wanted to expand and Ethiopia was next to Italian Somaliland League of Nations approved sanctions against Italy League of Nations approved sanctions against Italy

Hitler begins to defy the LoN and Treaty of Versailles because no one did anything when Japan and Italy began to take over lands. Hitler begins to defy the LoN and Treaty of Versailles because no one did anything when Japan and Italy began to take over lands. Hitler begins to “rebuild” Germany and take back lost lands. Hitler begins to “rebuild” Germany and take back lost lands.

Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland (March 7, 1936) This was a piece of land in Germany that was meant to be demilitarized This was a piece of land in Germany that was meant to be demilitarized

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis is signed (November 1936) Agreed to fight Soviet Communists Agreed to fight Soviet Communists Agreed not to interfere with each other Agreed not to interfere with each other

The Anschluss - Austria is annexed (March 12 and 13, 1938)

There were many Germans living in Austria There were many Germans living in Austria Hitler wanted to unite all Germans Hitler wanted to unite all Germans He forced the Anschluss, a union of Germany and Austria He forced the Anschluss, a union of Germany and Austria This violated the Treaty of Versailles, but no one did anything about it This violated the Treaty of Versailles, but no one did anything about it

Czechoslovakia There were many Germans living in a region of Czechoslovakia called Sudetenland There were many Germans living in a region of Czechoslovakia called Sudetenland Hitler demanded they be given independence from Czechoslovakia, and then he demanded the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany Hitler demanded they be given independence from Czechoslovakia, and then he demanded the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany

Munich Pact (September 29, 1938) – Great Britain (PM Neville Chamberlain) and France agree to appease Hitler by letting him have the Sudetenland if he promises to take no more land Munich Pact (September 29, 1938) – Great Britain (PM Neville Chamberlain) and France agree to appease Hitler by letting him have the Sudetenland if he promises to take no more land

Good Morning! Please pass your Appeasement Q’s #1-5 over to the left. If you borrowed the Appeasement handout,pass that over too. Get out a new sheet of paper for a warm- up. Get out your notes from yesterday.

Warm-up #1 Hitler told his generals he wanted to remove “the cancer of democracy” and “create the highest authoritarian state leadership.” He didn’t want his soldiers “poisoned by pacifism, Marxism, or Bolshevism”. He told his generals to prepare for “conquest of new space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.” How was Hitler able to achieve this? What methods did Hitler use?

March 15, 1939 – Germany invades and annexes the rest of Czechoslovakia March 15, 1939 – Germany invades and annexes the rest of Czechoslovakia

Great Britain and France do nothing; Stalin realizes they will be no help and starts to be friendly to Germany Great Britain and France do nothing; Stalin realizes they will be no help and starts to be friendly to Germany

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact August 23, 1939 – Germany and the USSR agree not to attack each other August 23, 1939 – Germany and the USSR agree not to attack each other Secret agreement to divide Eastern Europe between Germany and the USSR if Poland was attacked Secret agreement to divide Eastern Europe between Germany and the USSR if Poland was attacked

Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland Method of invasion was a “blitzkrieg” or lightning war – planes bombed cities, then tanks quickly rolled in and took control Method of invasion was a “blitzkrieg” or lightning war – planes bombed cities, then tanks quickly rolled in and took control

September 17, 1939 – the Soviet Union invades Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland (to get back land lost in WWI) September 17, 1939 – the Soviet Union invades Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland (to get back land lost in WWI)

The Polish fight for three weeks but are not supported by their allies The Polish fight for three weeks but are not supported by their allies Great Britain and France declare war but do not take action Great Britain and France declare war but do not take action No fighting for months - “phony war” No fighting for months - “phony war”

France prepares the Maginot Line, defensive fortifications along the French- German border France prepares the Maginot Line, defensive fortifications along the French- German border

More invasions April 9, 1940 – Germany invaded Norway and Denmark and quickly defeated them April 9, 1940 – Germany invaded Norway and Denmark and quickly defeated them

May 10, 1940 – Germany invaded Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium and quickly defeated them, then turned to France May 10, 1940 – Germany invaded Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium and quickly defeated them, then turned to France

Italy declares war on France and GB. Italy declares war on France and GB. June 14, 1940 – Germany took Paris June 14, 1940 – Germany took Paris

May and June 1940 – Miracle of Dunkirk – over 300,000 retreating British, French, and Belgian troops were rescued from the beaches of France and taken to safety in Great Britain May and June 1940 – Miracle of Dunkirk – over 300,000 retreating British, French, and Belgian troops were rescued from the beaches of France and taken to safety in Great Britain

June 22, 1940 – France signed the armistice surrendering to Germany and several French governments were created June 22, 1940 – France signed the armistice surrendering to Germany and several French governments were created

Warm-up #2 On August 23, 1939, the Western European powers were shocked when Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Nazi-Soviet nonagression pact. Why was this pact so devastating and so unexpected to Britain and France? Why was this pact looked upon as a prelude to WWII?

north and western France was under the direct control of the Germans north and western France was under the direct control of the Germans Vichy France – southeastern France, puppet government controlled by Germany Vichy France – southeastern France, puppet government controlled by Germany

Free France – government run by Charles de Gaulle from Great Britain Free France – government run by Charles de Gaulle from Great Britain

Battle of Britain Great Britain was the only free country left in Western Europe Great Britain was the only free country left in Western Europe Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain (the appeaser) as Prime Minister in 1940 Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain (the appeaser) as Prime Minister in 1940

Hitler planned to weaken Britain so he could invade by sea (Operation Sea Lion) Hitler planned to weaken Britain so he could invade by sea (Operation Sea Lion)

Summer 1940 – the Battle of Britain begins – German planes (the Luftwaffe) flew over the English Channel to bomb Britain Summer 1940 – the Battle of Britain begins – German planes (the Luftwaffe) flew over the English Channel to bomb Britain the RAF fought back while civilians did the best they could to stay alive the RAF fought back while civilians did the best they could to stay alive Hitler eventually gives up on Operation Sea Lion, but bombing continues throughout the war Hitler eventually gives up on Operation Sea Lion, but bombing continues throughout the war