Chapter 8 E-Commerce Technologies Introduction to Business Information Systems by Mark Huber, Craig Piercy, Patrick McKeown, and James Norrie

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 2 Four Generations of E-commerce  First generation: _________ content such as company information, online marketing, and company brochures  Second generation: _________ content where Web page changes depending on a number of factors such as time and date, user profile, or browser location  Third generation: growth in businesses’ ability to _________ transactions on the Web  Fourth generation: increasing ___________ with external partners on the Web

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 3 First Generation: Establishing a Web Presence  Basic technologies are still used: ___________________: the networks over which data travel _________: the application software that lets users request and view Web pages _________ protocol: the standardized rules for exchanging data over the Web _________: the language that guides the display of a requested page

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 4 Web Browsers  A ________________ is the software that allows you to navigate the Web and to view content you find there  Hypertext organizes content into units that are connected using associations called __________  Browsers typically include a _________ _________ _________ that make them easy to use

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 5 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol  HTTP comprises a set of ____________ for formatting and transmitting messages over the Web  HTTP is _________ and _________, meaning it forgets about requests and responses after they are complete  This feature of HTTP requires _________________ to support e- commerce

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 6 HTML: Hypertext Markup Language  ______________________ is the primary language for creating Web pages  The browser interprets the HTML through the use of ____________, which are used to format the content of the Web page  The tags, enclosed in angle brackets ( ), mark the placement and appearance of page ______________

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 7 Second Generation: Providing Interaction  Providing interaction between the Web page and user requires _______________ based on user input and programming instructions.

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 8 HTML Forms  The primary method of data input into a Web site is the HTML form which is composed of one or more _______________  These controls must match the data needs of the transaction and minimize chance of _________________

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 9 Storing Data on the Client Side  To be able to carry out e-commerce transactions, it is necessary to store data about the customer on the _______________  One way to do this is to use a ________, which is small bit of data stored on the client machine and passed back and forth between it and the Web server  When data remain on the client machine for a period of time, this is a _________ cookie

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 10 Making the Client-Side Dynamic and Interactive  _________ languages like JavaScript are built into the Web page to add dynamic interaction such as ____________________  _________ technology is used for sharing information among different technologies  An _____________ is a small program that a browser can download and execute  A browser ______________ is a small software module that can work with the browser

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 11 Server-Side Programming  When programs run on the Web server to provide dynamic interaction, this is known as ________________________________  With server-side programming, a business can: Deliver customized content Dynamically modify content for any page Access data stored on a server-side database and send it to the client’s browser Take action on queries and data sent from client Optimally manage traffic to the site

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 12 The n-Tier Infrastructure  An e-commerce system is composed of various layers or ____________ with the number depending on what components are used  A typical system is the ____________ system with a client tier (you and your browser), a Web server tier, an application server tier, and a database server tier

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 13 Third Generation: Supporting Transactions  In the third generation of e-commerce, businesses recognized that they must deal with three issues to be successful: 1. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 14 Search Engines  Internet _____ ________ make it possible for customers to find information  When you search the Web, you are really searching a database that was created from _________________________________  Web sites are found by a __________ ________ and are submitted by humans  An important consideration is how the database organizes or _______________ the Web data

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 15 Order and Payment Systems  The four primary components of a typical e- commerce site are: 1. The shopping and ______________ 2. The _____________ account 3. The _____________ gateway 4. The _____________ system  The __________________ system is the most popular e-commerce system for larger businesses where a customer wants to buy multiple products usually using a credit card

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 16 E-Commerce Security  Most e-commerce security technologies relate to the _________________________ protocol, which allows a client and a server to communicate in a way that prevents eavesdropping or tampering  A server that encrypts data using the SSL protocol is known as a ________________, which uses https instead of http  _______________ are an important part of e-commerce security systems as they are used to authenticate users

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 17 Encryption  The most common method of providing security to e-commerce transactions is ____________, which is the process of scrambling a message so that it is meaningful only to the person holding the key to deciphering it  ______________________________uses the same private key to encrypt and decrypt a message.  In contrast, a ________________________ system has two keys. The public key is freely distributed and used to encrypt messages coming to you; the private key remains secret and is only used to decrypt the messages encrypted with your public key

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 18 Fourth-Generation: Transforming Processes  _____________ and ________________ are moving us into the realm of automatic interaction between computers  For e-commerce, these technologies are improving the ability to exchange small amounts of data via the web and to standardize the support of transactions

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 19 eXtensible Markup Language (XML)  XML, like HTML, uses _________ to mark up content and/or data so that software applications can recognize it  The goal of XML is to _________________ and focus on what it means, while the goal of HTML is to describe how to __________ data  Using XML, companies can define their own tags that their trading partners can understand

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 20 Web Services  ___________________ are a standardized way for one computer program to request and run another computer program over the Internet  A web service is a _____________________ software component  Web services give companies the ability to do more e-commerce business, with more potential business partners, and in different ways than before at a reasonable cost  Web services are based on a number of accepted ________________ that allows everybody to work on the same basis

Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. 21 Primary Web Service Standards StandardDescription The language used by web services for marking the exchanged data according to its meaning A simple XML-based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP A standard based on XML for formally defining a Web service A standard for setting up directories of web services. UDDI will allow you to discover what web services are available on the network

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