1. Introduction to Business Information Systems by Mark Huber, Craig Piercy, Patrick McKeown, and James Norrie Tech Guide D: The Details of SQL, Data Modelling, and XML

2. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.2 Using SQL to Query Relational Databases The primary function of a database is to enable people to obtain information from it in a usable form using __________ (questions) To query a relational database, many use __________ Query __________ (SQL), which is a computer language for manipulating data in a relational database. SQL queries also enable database users to add ____________ records, or ____________ or ____________ records in a database.

3. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.3 Important Terms __________ key: a field that holds a unique value for each record in a table. __________ key: the primary key from another table that is in the current table. ______________: another name for a table in a relational database. ______________: another name for a record in a relational database table. ______________: another name for a field in a relational database table.

4. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.4 Querying a Single Table Database To query a single table database, we use an SQL statement of the form: __________ fields FROM tables __________ fields match query condition Where the __________________ keyword designates which fields to display as a result of the query the ________________ keyword designates which tables to search the ____________________ keyword specifies the search criteria, or query condition, to use in finding records.

5. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.5 Other Query Keywords In addition to the _______________ keyword, there are a number of other keywords that we can use to: __________ a table __________ new records in a table __________ records from a table __________ one or more records in a table

6. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.6 Using SQL to Display Specific Information The SQL to display all of the table, that is, all fields for all of the records is: ____________________________ To display only a _____________ of the fields, the standard form of this query is (where queries can run on to the next line): SELECT FieldName1, FieldName2, … FROM TableName

7. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.7 Displaying Selected Fields for Matching Records In many cases, we may only want to display selected fields for records that match some condition. To do this, we need to use the _________________ keyword followed by some query condition involving one of six comparison operators: ___________________ plus a fieldname and a value.

8. 8 Using the LIKE Operator Using the ________________ sign in a SELECT query looks for an exact match. To look for an “_____________________” the LIKE operator is appropriate. The LIKE operator uses the _____________ character as a replacement for unknown or non-existing characters in attempting to find matches to a group of characters. The wildcard character is usually either the ___________ or the ___________________ The general form of this type of query is: SELECT FieldName1,Fieldname2,… FROM TableName WHERE FieldName LIKE ‘*value*’

9. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.9 Inserting, Deleting, or Changing Records To insert a record into a table, you would use an SQL statement of the form: __________ INTO TableName Values (value1, value2, …) To delete an existing record from a database table, you would use an SQL statement of the form: __________ FROM TableName WHERE FieldName = value To change values in a row of a database, you can use the UPDATE and SET keywords in the form: ____________ TableName SET FieldName1 = value WHERE FieldName2 = value

10. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.10 Using Aggregate Functions in SQL SQL can be used to compute certain values in the table using five different aggregate functions: __________________ In each case, you must use a _______________ field name for the result of the computation.

11. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.11 Using Logical Modelling to Create a Relational Database Most relational databases include many tables, not just one, to avoid ____________________. Problems caused by redundancy, typically referred to as _______________, can harm the integrity of the database records. To create relational databases that avoid these problems, _____________________________ is used. The first step in logical modeling is to create an __________ Diagram (ERD)

12. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.12 Example ERDs A ________________ relationship with one vendor selling many products. A ________________ relationship with no primary key–foreign- key relationship. Many customers buy many products.

13. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.13 Relational Data Models The next step after creating an ERD is to convert it into a corresponding __________________________________ (see Figure D.10 on page 506 of your text). Note that the relational diamond is replaced by a “_______________________” representing the “many” end of the relationship.

14. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.14 Querying Multitable Databases The most common operation in querying multitable databases is the ______________ operation in which we create one table from two.

15. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.15 Creating Views In most database systems, ______________ can be saved and reused. A saved query is often referred to as a __________. A query can be saved as a view for reasons of __________________. By creating a view only showing fields that we want others to see, we can protect confidential information in the data, such as customer information.

16. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.16 Using XML For many years companies have been using a system known as ______________________________ (EDI) to share data and resources over the Web With the rapid growth of the Internet, organizations have turned to the use of _____________ as a way of carrying out the same processes

17. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.17 Setting Up an XML Document The first step to creating an XML file is to decide which ____________ to use to describe the data Each _______________ tag must have an ________________ tag It is a good idea to provide a formal definition of all the data elements in the XML file. This can be done in one of two ways—using the ____________________________ method or the ________________________ method.

18. Copyright 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.18 Copyright Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Access Copyright (The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency) is unlawful. Requests for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his or her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.