Holt McDougal, Start Work Match the Greek writer on the left with the type of writing they created on the right. Homerfables Sapphoepic poems Aesoplyrical poems

Holt McDougal, Ancient Greece Section 4 Notes Alexander the Great

Holt McDougal, Learning Objective Today we will learn about Alexander the Great and how he spread Hellenistic culture throughout the world.

Holt McDougal, Ancient Greece Section 4 Vocabulary Terms Philip II- powerful king of Macedonia phalanx- a group of warriors who stood close together in a square Alexander the Great- king of Macedonia who built the world’s largest empire Hellenistic- name for the blended culture that developed in Alexander’s empire

Holt McDougal, Alexander the Great The Big Idea Alexander the Great built a huge empire and helped spread Greek culture into Egypt and Asia. Main Ideas Macedonia conquered Greece in the 300s BC. Alexander the Great built an empire that united much of Europe, Asia, and Egypt. The Hellenistic kingdoms formed from Alexander’s empire blended Greek and other cultures.

Holt McDougal, Macedonia conquered Greece 1.King Philip II of Macedonia beat Athens, and the rest of Greece agreed to make him their leader after seeing Athens’s defeat. 2.Philip II was a brilliant military leader. 3.His soldiers fought as a phalanx with spears that were longer than the Greeks.

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The pikes or spears used were ft. in length!!

Holt McDougal, CFU How were the Greek city- states finally united? How did the phalanx formation give the Macedonians the upper hand during battles?

Holt McDougal, Alexander the Great builds an empire 1.Alexander began his rule by ending the revolt in Thebes, setting an example to the Greeks not to rebel. 2.He went on to conquer Egypt and was crowned pharaoh without a fight. 3.He then defeated Persia and became the ruler of the Persian Empire. Alexander wanted to push into India, but his troops were exhausted and refused to go. He began the march home, but died from sickness before making it back to Greece. 4. He built an empire as far as India and earned the name Alexander the Great.

Holt McDougal, Alexander the Great’s Empire

Holt McDougal, CFU What was so “great” about Alexander the Great? How did he earn his name? How far east did Alexander’s empire reach? Could Alexander the Great have created a larger empire if he hadn’t died at such a young age? Why or Why not?

Holt McDougal, Spreading Greek Culture Alexander’s empire was the largest the world had ever seen. 1.An admirer of Greek culture, he worked to spread it throughout his empire. 2.He encouraged Greek settlers to move to the new cities he conquered. These settlers passed along the language and culture of Greece. 3.Alexander also encouraged people to keep their own culture, so Greek and native customs blended. Historians call the culture Hellenistic, or Greek-like.

Holt McDougal, CFU What caused Greek culture to spread throughout Alexander the Great’s empire? Explain what Hellenistic culture is.

Holt McDougal, After Alexander died, his generals fought for power and divided the empire among themselves. The three kingdoms were Macedonia, Greece, and Syria. Macedonia had the weakest government and had to put down Greek revolts. Syria was weakened by rebellions. Egypt, especially Alexandria, became a great cultural center. Main Idea 3: The Hellenistic kingdoms formed from Alexander’s empire blended Greek and other cultures. Each empire was eventually taken over by the Romans.

Holt McDougal, Ancient Greece Section 5 Notes Greek Achievements

Holt McDougal, Learning Objective Today we will learn about the achievements of the Greeks.

Holt McDougal, Greece Section 5 Vocabulary Terms Socrates- the first of the great Greek thinkers and teachers Plato- teacher and thinker, student of Socrates, and founder of the Academy Aristotle- philosopher who taught that people should live lives of moderation based on reason

Holt McDougal, Euclid- great and influential mathematician Hippocrates- great Greek doctor who taught how to treat disease by understanding what caused illness

Holt McDougal, Greek Achievements The Big Idea Ancient Greeks made lasting contributions in the arts, philosophy, and science. Main Ideas The Greeks made great contributions to the arts. The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy. In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering.

Holt McDougal, The Greeks made great contributions 1.Greek statues look as though they could come to life at any time, because Greek artists wanted to show how beautiful people could be. 2.Greek paintings are known for their realism and detail. 3.The Greeks made temples with rows of tall columns rounded in the middle so they appear perfectly straight. 1. The Parthenon was their most impressive temple. 4.The Greeks excelled at writing. 1.They created dramas, or plays. 2.The Greeks were the first to write about history.

Holt McDougal, Art Examples Vases Paintings Realistic statues Drama- plays written by the Greeks. Comedy and Tragedy

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CFU What was the main focus/theme of the statues and paintings created by the Greeks? What famous piece of architecture did the Greeks create and use when building their temples? Explain what a drama is.

Holt McDougal, Greek Philosophers 1. Socrates taught by asking questions, a technique we call the Socratic method. –He wanted people to question their beliefs and look for knowledge. This angered and frightened people. –He was arrested and condemned to death for questioning the authority of the gods. 2. Plato and Aristotle followed after Socrates in their pursuit for knowledge and deeper understanding.

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Plato and Aristotle Plato had been a student of Socrates. Plato created a school, the Academy, to discuss ideas. He also wrote The Republic, which described his ideal society. Aristotle was Plato’s student. He taught about living life in moderation, or balance. He believed moderation was based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking.

Holt McDougal, CFU How did Socrates teach people? How are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle all connected?

Holt McDougal, Greeks Made Key Discoveries in Science 1.Euclid spent his life studying mathematics, especially geometry. 2.Greek doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked. 3.Hippocrates was a Greek doctor known for his ideas about how doctors should behave. 4.Engineers like Archimedes made great discoveries, such as the water screw, which brought water to the fields.

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Architecture (buildings) Examples Temples The Parthenon (temple in Athens) columns

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Science/Math Examples Inventions Medicine Geometry People Archimedes (pi, water screw, pulley) Hippocrates (doctor) Euclid (math)

Holt McDougal, GREEK INVENTOR- ARCHIMEDES WATER SCREW

Holt McDougal, PULLEY SYSTEM

Holt McDougal, CFU Name 4 Greek Achievements