Unit 11 US History Mrs. McClary

 Jackie Robinson integrated major league baseball on April 15,  President Truman issued Executive Order 9981 which desegregated the armed forces in  Individuals challenged Jim Crow laws all over the South with different results.

A. Segregation of schools B. Jim Crow laws in Alabama C. Integration of the military D. Separation of races in restaurants

 Brown v. Board of Education 1954: overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and outlawed segregation in schools.  Federal troops were sent to cities such as Little Rock, Arkansas and to schools like the University of Mississippi to protect African American students who were enrolling.

LITTLE ROCK NINEBROWN V. BOE

 Kicked off the Civil Rights Movement.  Boycott started when Rosa Parks was arrested after refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.  Bus boycott lasted over a year and ended with the Supreme Court supporting the law that banned segregation on Montgomery busses.

A. She was married to a civil rights protester. B. She was the first woman to protest discrimination. C. She worked as a civil rights activist in the 1970’s. D. She helped to change segregation practices in America’s cities.

 Became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement during the Montgomery Bus Boycott.  Promoted non-violent protests and civil disobedience.  Wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail after being arrested for participating in a protest. Encouraged Americans to break unjust laws. Widely read by Americans.

 Highlighted 100 years of racial tension and discrimination.  Over 200,000 marched in support of equality and voting rights.  MLK gives his famous I Have a Dream speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.  Many other civil rights and political leaders attended the march.

 Civil Rights Act of 1964: prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.  Voting Rights Act of 1965: protected the right to vote, outlawed poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses, intimidation, etc.  Greatest achievements of the Civil Rights Movement.

A. It created a federal board to oversee voter registration. B. It eliminated literacy tests as a requisite for voting. C. It ended legalized segregation. D. It allowed southern states to restrict voting privileges.

 Judicial Review: federal courts can determine if a law or the actions of the government violate the US Constitution.  Warren Court: Chief Justice Earl Warren presiding over many landmark cases such as Brown v. BOE. All cases established civil liberties that Americans are guaranteed.

 Miranda v. Arizona (1966): required law enforcement to inform those arrested that they have the right to an attorney and they don’t have to answer any questions.  Law enforcement must now read the Miranda Warning to anyone accused of a crime.

 John F. Kennedy was elected in 1960 and worked closely with many Civil Rights Movement leaders.  November 22, 1963 JFK was assassinated in Dallas, TX.  Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime but was never tried because he was murdered 2 days later.  Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President.  President Johnson took over JFK’s work toward Civil Rights and ending poverty.  Civil Rights Act of 1964 was pushed through in response to JFK’s death.

 Great Society focused on helping people in poverty.  Great Society focused on improving education, reforming immigration, helping the elderly and poor, and reforming voting for minorities.  Medicare is the most well-known Great Society program. Provides free hospitalization and inexpensive medical insurance for the elderly.  Medicaid and Head Start are two other Great Society programs that are still around today.

 April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis, TN. Killed by James Earl Ray.  June 6, 1968 Robert Kennedy was assassinated while campaigning for the Democratic presidential nomination. Killed by Sirhan Sirhan.  August 1968 Democratic Convention was held in Chicago. Thousands demonstrated against the Vietnam War and clashed violently with police.  Tet Offensive occurred in Vietnam and turned the public against the war.

MARTIN LUTHER KINGROBERT KENNEDY