Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

Coloring in the Periodic Table

Notice the difference between the appearance of the metals and nonmetals.

Physical properties of METALS SOLIDS- except Hg HARD- except Li, K, Na SHINY/ LUSTER – the way an object’s surface reflects light BEST CONDUCTORS of heat. GOOD CONDUCTOR of electricity because the electrons in metals move more freely. MALLEABLE forms thin sheets DUCTILE forms wires

Chemical properties of METALS GIVES ELECTRONS EASILY TO FORM BONDS MAKES POSITIVE IONS CORRODES EASILY

Physical Properties of NONMETALS Soft except for diamonds Brittle breaks easily Dull not shiny Phosphorus Insulators wooden spoon Mostly colored gases Bromine Odors or pungent smell Chemical Properties of NONMETALS Gains electrons to form bonds Sulfur

Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases. Examples of NONMETALS Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases. Examples: Solids – Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus Liquid – Bromine Gases – Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Noble Gases

An interesting element: Carbon Ever break the point of your pencil? That’s because it’s made of graphite, a substance made up completely of Carbon—a brittle nonmetal. Carbon atoms in graphite However diamonds, the hardest material of all, are made of the same element: Carbon. Look at how the carbon atoms are arranged in diamonds—why do you think diamonds are harder than graphite? You may also want to discuss how we are using carbon to create new materials such as nanotubes, or discuss buckeyballs.

METALLOIDS Along the staircase/steps of the periodic table

The elements contained in the classification of Metalloids:

Properties of METALLOIDS Elements classified as Metalloids have physical properties of both metals and non-metals. SHINY Some are DULL somewhat MALLEABLE and DUCTILE SEMI CONDUCTOR of heat and electricity – conducts at a lesser level than metals. SILICON ARSENIC BORON

METALLOIDS Semiconductors, which are used in electronics (radio, computers, telephones, etc.) They are useful because they conduct just the right amount of electricity or heat.

Where do we find METALS? Some metals like gold, silver, and platinum are found as pure substances in the earth’s crust because they are least reactive. Most metals are reactive and are found as oxides (react with oxygen), carbonates (react with carbon), sulfides (react with sulfur). Minerals : are elements or compounds which occur naturally inside the earth’s crust. Ore : is a mineral from which metals can be extracted profitably.

PRACTICE Classify the following elements as metals, non metals and metalloids: Hydrogen Magnesium Calcium Arsenic Carbon Helium Lead Aluminum