WARM UP: REFLECT ON YOUR OWN WRITING: Think about the poem you wrote for homework last night. What are the poetic devices that you used in the poem? Why did you use those devices? How do those poetic devices develop the main idea and purpose of your writing? Write a paragraph reflection answering these questions in your notebook.

GENRE RECAP Genre: A style or type of literature We have discussed the elements associated with 4 genres of literature this year. Poetry Nonfiction Drama Fiction Today we are going to start going back through them to identify how each of these genres is unique and how an author uses literary devices differently depending on the genre. This is all information that will help you on the final exam. If something comes up that you do not remember you should take notes on it.

Genre 1: POETRY

Helpful terms and basics of poetry… Assonance Consonance Alliteration Free Verse Blank Verse Ballad Sonnet Stanza Rhyme (Rhyme Scheme) Figurative Language

Sound Devices Consonance Alliteration Assonance Repetition of vowel sounds within words Example: “along with window-sill, the lipstick glittered in…” repetition of “i” sound Consonance Repetition of consonant sounds within and at the ends of words Example: “Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door” (Poe) Alliteration Repetition of the initial consonant sound EXAMPLES: “Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared dream before” (Poe)

Rhyme It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil Perfect Rhyme: When the later part of the word or phrase is identical sounding to that of another. Ex: It will flame out, like shining from shook foil; It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil Slant Rhyme: A rhyme that is not exact, but provides an approximation of the sound. Ex: Follows into meaning Miranda, solitude Where my omissions are, still possible, still good, Internal Rhyme: A rhyme within a line, or a rhyme which matches sounds in the middle of the line with sounds at the end. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary.

Poetic Forms and Structure Free Verse: A poem with no identifiable rhyme scheme. EXAMPLE: “I say drop a mouse into a poem and watch him probe his way out, or walk inside the poem's room and feel the walls for a light switch.” Blank Verse: A pattern that has every line follow iambic pentameter but does not have a specific rhyme scheme. THINK SHAKESPEARE! “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts…” Sonnet: A poem containing 14 lines written in Iambic Pentameter with a set rhyme scheme. Ballad: a narrative poem in short stanzas of popular origin, originally sung to a repeated tune Ballads tell of an event. Often used to spread news, provide entertainment, or create a "bigger than real life" story. often have verses of four lines usually have a rhyming pattern: either  abac   or aabb or  acbc (usually the easiest to rhyme) repetition is often found in ballads Stanza: A division within a poem created by arranging lines into a unit.

ENDING POEM: SOUND DEVICES USED: FORM: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED: How did the use of these poetic devices move forward the theme or purpose?

Genre 2: NONFICTION

SOAPSTone Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Subject Tone

Speaker The voice that tells the story. Before authors begin to write, they must decide whose voice is going to be heard. It could be the author or it could be a character.

Occasion The time and the place of the piece; the event or situation that made the author want to write or triggered the writing.

Audience The group of readers to whom this piece is directed. This does not always mean the people who are reading it right now.

Purpose The reason the author wrote this. The central claim or main idea. NOT THE GENERAL TOPIC. What does the author want us to take away?

Subject The central topic of the writing. What idea or ideas is this writing about?

Tone The attitude of the author towards to subject or topic. This is how we know whether or not the author is serious, trying to be funny, sarcastic, etc. Developed through word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language.

“How it Feels to be Colored Me” SPEAKER: OCCASION: AUDIENCE: PURPOSE: SUBJECT: TONE:

Genre 3: DRAMA

Drama is…. A story enacted onstage for a live audience. Elements of Drama include: Stage Directions Dialogue/ Monologue Characters Conflict

Elements of Drama Stage Directions: Playwright describes setting and characters’ actions and manner. EX: [Wyona is sitting on the couch. She sees Paul and jumps to her feet.] Wyona. [Angrily.] What do you want? Dialogue: Conversations between characters on stage Monologue: A long speech given by one character to others Conflict: The struggle between opposing forces Can be between characters, internally in a single character, between a character and nature, and a character and the society they are a part of.

The Audience Finally, a play needs an audience to experience the performance understand the story respond to the characters

Genre 4: FICTION (Short Story)

Elements of Fiction Plot Setting Characters Conflict Symbolism Figurative Language Metaphor, simile, personification, idiom, hyperbole, proverb, understatement… Point of View Theme Irony Verbal/Situational/Dramatic All of these elements are ones we have been discussing through Of Mice and Men and The Catcher in the Rye. CAN YOU DEFINE and GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH OF THEM? How do all these elements drive the themes and purpose of a particular work?

Elements of Fiction: “Waiting For Her Train” PLOT/CONFLICT: SETTING: CHARACTERS: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: OTHER LITERARY ELEMENTS: How did the use of these elements move forward a theme or purpose?

Writing and Grammar You should know the rules to abide by and the definitions for the following: Proper use of comma, semicolon, and colon Parallel Structure Pronoun Antecedent Agreement Subject Verb Agreement MLA Format for embedding quotations in a paper Thesis Topic Sentences Plot Summary vs Analysis