TOPIC 7

7.1 Collection, Transport and Storage of waste All waste arising should be accumulated at the point of origin. Such waste material must also not be mixed with other wastes of a different nature or composition. The protection of the marine environment can be enhanced significantly by reducing discharges of all kind of ship- generated waste and cargo residues into the sea. The development of adequate port reception facilities (PRF) and establishment of systems which provide incentives for ships are major elements in the process to reduce ships' discharges into the sea.

7.1.1 Waste types collected from the ships Oil delivered wastes under the scope of Marpol 73/78 Annex- I which arise due to normal activities of vessels: Bilge: percolating water and oily waste water formed in machine and auxiliary machine sub tanks of vessels, coffer- dams, warehouses or similar sections of the vessel. Slop: Including tank washing water formed due to washing of the cargo tanks of vessels, oily water wastes accumulated in slop tanks.

Dirty Ballast: Ballast water that cases appearance of oil, oil derived stains or oil stains above water or at the coast line or that creates color changes above or under water or causes accumulation of solid materials/emulsion in suspension when released from the vessel to water. Waste oil: Dirty oils that lost its nature after used by main machine and auxiliary machines in the vessel.

Sludge: Sludge composed of residue and/or oily sediments formed in engine rooms, fuel tanks of vessels or cargo tanks of oil tankers. Solid sludge: Oil sludge solidified at the bottom of oil tank of the vessel.

Waste water/sewage under the scope of Marpol 73/78 Annex-IV: Sewage: wastes from toilets, urinals and toilet scuppers, liquid wastes from lavabo, scuppers and basins in infirmary, dispensary and hospitals, discharge from areas where there are live animals or other waste waters mixing with these. Sewage divided into 2 types: grey and black water. Grey water : Sinks, showers and laundry Black water: medical facilities and sewage from toilet

Garbage/trash wastes under the scope of Marpol 73/78 Annex- V: Trash: municipal and operational solid waste waters formed due to normal operation of the vessel and under the scope of Marpol 73/78 annex-V. Governments are required to ensure the provision of adequate reception facilities at ports and terminals for the reception of MARPOL 73/78 Annex I IV, V.

7.2 Transport waste by Port Facilities Ship waste management in ports is a serious business in the European Union and as shipping account for about 20% of global discharges of wastes and residues at sea. The development of adequate port reception facilities (PRF) for generated waste and cargo residues, together with the establishment of systems which provide incentives foe ship to use these facilities. The aim of substantially reducing discharges of ship-generated waste and cargo residues into the sea.

Statutory Instrument(S.I) 117/2003 – regulations for Port Reception Facilities for Ship Generated Waste and Cargo Residue. The purpose of the directive is to improve the availability and use of port reception facilities for ship. The port of Antwerp stimulates ocean-going and inland vessels to bring in their waste themselves. For shipping, this is arranged through international agreements in the framework of the MARPOL convention and the European directive on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residues.

Waste Transportation by PRF (Port reception facilities) provides the widest range of truck, rail and ship transportation of waste materials. Their turn key approach to handling waste transportation offers a wide variety of waste transportation options and liability protection. Their central logistics center monitors all waste movements in real-time and ensures the most efficient routes are taken, which reduces the overall cost of waste transportation.

Ship transportation: (Port of Antwerp) offers waste transportation by ship using standard sea containers, ISO containers and Ro-Ro trailers.They provide the containers or trailers and coordinate all shipping, Customs, and logistics to efficiently and safely move the waste over water via ship or barge. Truck transportation: (Port of Antwerp) provides long-haul and short run waste transportation. Dispatched from local service centers or via our national transportation group, they offer the widest range of truck waste transportation options.

7.3 Environmental Impact Assessment An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects. The purpose of the EIA is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with a project.

The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.

7.3.1 Environment Quality Act 1974 SECTION 34A The Environmental Quality (Amendment) Act 1985 amended the Environmental Quality Act, Amendments include the insertion of section 34A which requires any person intending to carry out any prescribed activity to submit report on the impact on the environment to the Director of Environmental Quality for examination. The Amendment act was gazetted on 9 January 1986 and section 34A reads as follow:

1. Any person intending to carry out any of the prescribed activities shall, before any approval for the carrying out of such activity is granted by the relevant approving authority, submit a report to the Director General. The report shall be in accordance with the guidelines prescribed by the Director General and shall contain an assessment of the impact such activity will have or is likely to have on the environment and the proposed measures that shall be undertaken to prevent, reduce or control the adverse impact on the environment.

2. If the Director General on examining the report and after making such inquiries as he considers necessary, is of the opinion that the report satisfies the requirements and that the measures to be undertaken to prevent, reduce or control the adverse impact on the environment are adequate, he shall approve the report, with or without conditions attached thereto, and shall inform the person intending to carry out the prescribed activity and the relevant approving authorities accordingly.

3. If the Director General, on examining the report and after making such inquiries as he considers necessary, is of the opinion that the report does not satisfy the requirements or that the measures to be undertaken to prevent, reduce or control the adverse impact on the environment are inadequate, he shall not approve the report and shall give his reasons therefore and shall inform the person intending to carry out the prescribed activity and the relevant approving authorities accordingly. Provide that where such report is not approved it shall not preclude such person from revising and re-submitting the revised report to the Director General for the approval.

4. The Director General may if he considers it necessary require more than one report to be submitted to him for his approval. 5. Any person intending to carry out a prescribed activity shall not carry out such activity until the report required under this section to be submitted to the Director General has been submitted and approved.

6. If the Director General approves the report, the person carrying out the prescribed activity, in the course of carrying out such activity, shall provide sufficient proof that the conditions attached to the report (if any) are being complied with and that the proposed measures to be taken to prevent, reduce or control the adverse impact on the environment are being incorporated into the design, construction and operation of the prescribed activity.

7. Any person who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years or both and to a further fine one thousand ringgit for every day that the offence is continued after a notice by the Director General requiring him to comply with the act specified therein has been served upon him”.