CHAPTER 2 – REVOLUTION AND THE EARLY REPUBLIC 1

Section 2 The War for Independence 2

The Road to Revolution After Lexington and Concord, colonists are still divided After Battle of Bunker Hill, the Second Continental Congress sends British King George III the Olive Branch Petition, which is rejected Naval blockade is set up on American coast 3

The Patriots Declare Independence Enlightenment ideas spread John Locke – natural rights (life, liberty, property) and social contract (overthrow the govt.) Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights Colonists were not granted due process, a speedy trial, taxation by consent of property owners, no troops in private homes 4

The Patriots Declare Independence Thomas Paine’s Common Sense – independence would give colonists a chance to create a better society 5

Declaring Independence 1776 – each colony forms its own govt. Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson to write Dec. of Independence When a govt. denies the “unalienable” rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness the people have the right to abolish the govt. A long list of violations committed by the king “All men are created equal” July 4, 1776 – colonies declare independence 6

SECTION 3 Confederation and the Constitution 7

Journal Write about a dispute (argument or difference in opinion) you have had that was successfully resolved by a compromise (settling differences by both people giving in). 8

Experimenting with Confederation Republic – a government where citizens rule through their representatives vs. direct democracy Articles of Confederation = the first set of laws governing the 13 states Congress – each state has one vote National govt. – power to declare war/borrow money Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – plan to divide land in West 9

Weakness of the Articles of Conf. Each state cares about its own interest Could not raise money, enforce laws, no national court system 10

Shay’s Rebellion 1786 Congress cannot collect taxes Central govt. is unable to fund troops 11

Creating a New Govt. New Jersey Plan One vote per state A single house 12

Great Compromise 13

Division of Powers Federalism – power divided between state and national govt. National govt. = regulation of trade between states, foreign affairs States = education 14

Changing the Constitution Amendment process 15

Ratifying the Constitution 9 of 13 states need to approve Federalists – like the Constitution + strong central govt. Antifederalists – dislike it + want a weak central govt. Bill of Rights is added Antifederalists feared a strong central govt. 1 st ten amendments to the Constitution Freedom of press, religion, speech, political activity, right to bear arms 16

SECTION 4 Launching the New Nation 17

Washington Heads the New Government Judicial Branch Judiciary Act of 1789 – Supreme Court and district courts are created (federal) Federal laws = “supreme law of the land” Executive Branch Secretary of state - Jefferson “ “ treasury - Hamilton “ “ war - Knox President’s cabinet 18

Economic Plan Hamilton Strong central govt. Led by rich/educate people Commerce and industry Jefferson Strong state govt. Society = farmers 19

Hamilton’s Economic Plan U.S. needs to pay off debts from Rev. War Establish a national bank to stabilize finances of the country James Madison argues against it -> national bank not mentioned in the Constitution 20

Two Party System Federalists Agreed with Hamilton Strong central govt. Northerners Democratic-Republicans Agreed with Jefferson Strong state govt. Southerners 21

Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton helps pass a tax on distributing whiskey Whiskey producers attack the tax collectors Federal troops stop them (Who would have supported this Federalists or Democratic- Republicans?) 22

Adams Provokes Criticism John Adams (Federalist - Northerners) beats Thomas Jefferson (Antifederalist - Southerners) in 1796 pres. election 23

XWY Affair Adams sends delegates to negotiate with the foreign minister of France France sends three officials (“X, Y, and Z”) and demand a bribe 24

Alien and Sedition Act Foreign-born Democratic-Republicans criticize Adams Citizenship requirements go from 5 to 14 years Pres. can deport any alien he considers undesirable Jail for anyone who says anything “false and scandalous” about the govt. 25