Gross anatomical study of crude drugs Clove

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION ANDHRA PRADESH Name : M.Vasu Babu Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy Branch : Pharmacy Institute : GPW ,Guntur Year : I D.Pharm. Subject : Pharmacognosy Subject Code : Ph -103 Topic : Gross anatomical study of crude drugs Duration : 50 minutes Sub topic : Clove (6/8) Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs

Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs Clove

On completion of this period you would be able to know Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to know Biological source Microscopical characters Chemical constituents & uses of Clove.

Known to unknown Q 1. Did you ever see these? What are they ? Ans: Yes – they are cloves. Q 2. Did you ever used them in your house? Ans : yes. FIG 88.1

Q3. For what purpose, we use in our house ? Ans: As spice – used in food preparations. Q4. From which part of plant, is it obtained ? Ans: As flower bud. Q5. How do you find out the genuinity of this crude drug ? Ans: By observing Morphological / histological study.

Cloves Biological source: Dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus Family: Myrtaceae

FIG 88.2

Microscopy T.S of microscopy of clove bud shows Epidermis Cortex Columella FIG 88. 3

Epidermis Single layered Straight walled cells with anomocytic stomata Covered with very thick cuticle FIG 88. 4

Cortex It shows 3 zones. Zone I Roughly radially arranged parenchymatus cells with 2 to 3 layers of big, ellipsoidal, schizolysigenous oil glands. FIG 88. 5

Middle region containing a ring of bicollateral vascular bundles. Cortex (contd) Zone II Middle region containing a ring of bicollateral vascular bundles. Xylem - composed of 3 – 5 lignified spiral vessels Isolated pericylclic fibres (lignified) may be present around the vascular bundle. FIG 88. 6

Cortex Zone III Zone of parenchyma composed of air spaces separated by lamellae. one cell thick which supports the central columella. FIG 88. 7

Columella Parenchymatus rich in calcium oxalate clusters . A ring of vascular bundles towards the periphery. Calcium oxalate prisms, Starch, Trichomes, Stone cells are absent. FIG 88. 8

Chemical constituents Volatile oil (15-20%) Eugenol (70-90%) Eugenol acetate Caryophyllenes Small quantities of esters, ketones & alcohols Tannins (10-13%) Resins Galltannic acid Chromone Eugenin

Uses Dental analgesic Carminative Aromatic Stimulant Antiseptic Flavouring agent

Summary In this class we learnt about Anatomical study Chemical constituents Uses of Clove

Quiz Q 1.How many zones present in the cortex of Clove? a) 3 b) 4 c) 1 d) 2 Q 2.What type of stomata present in the Clove bud? a) Anomocytic b) Paracytic c) Diacytic d) Anisocytic

Frequently asked questions 1.Write the monograph of Clove. 2.Explain the histological study of Clove. 3.Write the anatomical study of Clove. 4.Write the Biological Source, Family, Chemical constituents and Uses of Clove.