1. Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs Cinchona

2. Name: M.Vasu Babu Designation: Lecturer in pharmacy Branch: Pharmacy Institute: GPW,Guntur Year: I D.Pharm. Subject : Pharmacognosy Subject Code : Ph -103 Topic: Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs Duration : 50 minutes Sub topic: Cinchona (4/8) Teaching aids: PPT, Photographs DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION ANDHRA PRADESH

3. Gross anatomical study of crude drugs Cinchona

4. Biological source of cinchona. Microscopical characters of cinchona. Chemical constituents & uses On completion of this period you would be able to understand : Objectives

5. Q 1. Identify the photograph. A: Cinchona Q 2. From which part of plant is it obtained? A: bark Q 3. How do you find out the genuinity of this crude drug? A:Morphological / Histological study. FIG : 86.1

6. Biological source: Dried bark of cultivated trees of Cinchona calisaya Cinchona officinalis Cinchona succirubra Cinchona ledgeriana Family : Rubiaceae

7. FIG 86.2

8. T.S of Cinchona bark Periderm: 1. Cork 2. Phellogen 3. Phelloderm Cortex Secondary phloem : 4. Sieve tubes 5. Fibres 6. Phloem parenchyma 7. Medullary rays FIG 86. 3

9. Periderm Cork : Several layers Thin walled Flat Polygonal cells Reddish brown content present Impregnated with suberin 1. Cork 2. Phellogen 3. phelloderm FIG 86.4

10. Periderm (Contd) Phellogen: 2 to 3 layers Thin walled cells Cellular content absent 1. Cork 2. Phellogen 3. phelloderm FIG 86. 5

11. Periderm (Contd) Phelloderm: 6 to 8 layers Thin walled Rectangular cells No cellular content in cells 1. Cork 2. Phellogen 3. phelloderm FIG 86.6

12. Cortex : Several layers Thin walled Tangentially elongated cells Presence of reddish brown matter Calcium oxalate crystals - 2 to 6 µ in long - Microsphenoidal crystals Starch grains - 6 to 10 µ in diameter - Rounded Sclereides are absent. FIG 86.7

13. Secondary phloem : Sieve tube : Compact cells 200 µ long 15 to 20 µ wide Narrow companion cells Most of sieve tubes are compressed & collapsed 4)Sieve tubes 5) Fibres 6) Phloem parenchyma7) Medullay rays FIG 86.8

14. Fibres : Numerous Large Fusiform Lignified phloem fibres Striated walls Conspicuous tubular or funnel shaped pits Mostly isolated or some times in groups of 2 to 3 fibres. Secondary phloem (contd) 4)Sieve tubes 5) Fibres 6) Phloem parenchyma 7) Medullay rays FIG 86. 9

15. Secondary phloem (contd) Phloem parenchyma : Thin walls Dark reddish brown Some with micro-prisms of calcium oxalate. 4)Sieve tubes 5) Fibres 6) Phloem parenchyma 7) Medullay rays FIG 86.10

16. Secondary phloem (contd) Medullary rays : 1 to 3 seriate Extended upto cortex cells Radially elongated Strach grains present 4)Sieve tubes 5) Fibres 6) Phloem parenchyma 7) Medullay rays FIG 86.11

17. Alkaloids : Quinoline type Quinine Quinidine Cinchonine Cinchonidine Chemical constituents:

18. Uses Anti malarial Antipyretic

19. Summary In this class we learnt about Anatomical study of Cinchona Chemical constituents Uses

20. QUIZ Q1. Sclereides present in the cortex of cinchona A: Yes ( or ) No Q2. What is the therapeutic use of Cinchona? a) Anticancer b) Antimalarial c) Antileprotic d) Cardiotonic

21. Q3. What type of Alkaloids present in Cinchona? a) Quinoline b) Indole type c) Pyridine d) Isoquinoline Q4. where will be the medullary rays present in Cinchona. a) Cork b) Cortex c) Secondary phloem d) None

22. Frequently asked questions 1.Write the monograph of Cinchona 2.Explain the histological study of Cinchona. 3.Write the anatomical study of Cinchona. 4.Write the Biological source, family, Chemical constituents and uses of CSinchona.