1. Peppermint Oil and Lemon Oil Perfumes and Flavours PH103.58 1

2. 2 Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh Name: BVSN Murty Designation : Lecturer in Pharmacy Branch: PHARMACY Institute: Govt.,Polytechnic for Women, Srikakulam Year/Semester: I Year Subject: Pharmacognosy Subject code: PH103 Topic: Perfumes and Flavours Duration: 50 Mts Sub Topic: Peppermint Oil and Lemon Oil Teaching Aids: PPT, Photographs

3. PH103.58 3 Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to to know : Definition of Perfumes and Flavours Monographs of Peppermint oil and Lemon oil

4. Known to Unknown 1.Have you come to know the name of flavour? 2.Can you tell some names of flavours used in cosmetic preparations ? 3.Can you tell the name of oil used in Promise tooth paste? 4.Tell the names of some relative oils used as flavouring agents? PH103.58 4

5. 5 Perfumes and Flavours Definition : Perfumes: Natural or synthetic materials or a combination of both, employed for creating a pleasant odour.

6. PH103.58 6 Perfumes derived from Natural source EssenceSource 1. Geranium 2. Jasmine 3. Rose 4. Rosemary 5. Sandalwood Aerial parts of pelargonium Fresh flowering tops of Lavandula officinalis Flowers of Rosa gallica Fresh flowering tops of Rosemarinus officinalis Heartwood of Santalum album

7. PH103.58 7 Perfumes derived from Natural source EssenceSource 6. Citronella 7. Vetiver 8. Styrax 9. Musk 10. Civet Fresh leaves of Cymbopogon nardus The roots of Vetiveria zizaniodes Balsamic resin from Styrax benzoin Preputial follicles of musk deer Moschus moschiferus Viverra zibetha.

8. PH103.58 8 Perfumes and Flavours Flavours : These agents used in medicines have no therapeutic advantage but, they certainly have a psychological importance. Based on the taste and usage of drug the flavours may be proposed. A large no.of flavours used from natural sources are Lemon, Mint, Orange, Clove, etc.,

9. PH103.58 9 Synonym : Oleum Mentha piperita Biological source: Volatile oil obtained by steam distillation of the fresh flowering tops of Mentha piperita Family : Labiatae Peppermint Oil Fig.58.1 Mentha twig

10. PH103.58 10 Geographical source : Europe, Japan, England, France, Italy, U.S.A, Bulgaria and U.S.S.R. In India it is cultivated near Jammu and in Uttar Pradesh Peppermint Oil

11. PH103.58 11 Description : Colour: Colourless or yellow Odour: Characteristic, Pleasant Taste: Pungent followed by cooling sensation Solubility : Soluble in 70% alcohol, Ether and Chloroform Insoluble in water Peppermint Oil Fig.58.2 Peppermint oil

12. PH103.58 12 Standards : Weight per ml : 0.610g Optical rotation at 25 o C: 18 o to 33 o Refractive index: 1.4590 to 1.4650 It is Neutral to litmus paper Peppermint Oil

13. PH103.58 13 Chemical constituents : Chief constituent is l-menthol Other important constituents Menthone Menthyl acetate l-limonene, isopulegone Cineole, Pinene,Camphene etc., Peppermint Oil

14. PH103.58 14 Uses : Carminative, stimulant, aromatic, counter-irritant and flavouring agent. Used in toothpaste, Shaving creams, ChewingTobacco Preparation of Chewing gums, Jellies, Perfumes and essences Peppermint Oil

15. PH103.58 15 Biological source : Volatile oil obtained by expression method, without the application of heat, from the fresh peel of the ripe fruits of Citrus limonis Family : Rutaceae Lemon Oil Fig.58.3 Lemon fruits

16. PH103.58 16 Geographical source : North India, Spain, Italy Sicily, California, Jammaica, Australia and India Lemon Oil

17. PH103.58 17 Organoleptic Characters Colour : Pale Yellow or Greenish yellow liquid Odour: Reminicent of lemon Taste : Aromatic Solubility : Insoluble in water Soluble in absolute alcohol and forms slight Opalscence in 90% alcohol Lemon Oil Fig.58.4 Lemon oil

18. PH103.58 18 Lemon Oil Standards Optical rotation:+57 o C to +65°C Refractive Index:1.474 to 1.476 Weight per ml:0.850 to 0.865 Non-volatile matter:3 to 4 per cent

19. Lemon Oil Chemical Constituents: It mainly contains Terpenes. 90% Limonene Other Terpenes 10% of the oil oxygenated compounds Citral and Citonellal Terpeneless lemon oil is prepared by concentrating lemon oil in vacuum or by solvent partition. PH103.58 19

20. PH103.58 20 Uses : Flavouring agent and in Perfumery Terpeneless Lemon oil is 20 times stronger than Lemon oil Lemon Oil

21. PH103.58 21 Summary In this class we learnt about : Pepperment oil Obtained by steam distillation of the fresh flowering tops of the Metha piperita and other species of Mentha. It is used as Carminative, stimulant, aromatic, counter- irritant and flavouring agent Preparation of Chewing gums, Jellies, Perfumes and essences.

22. PH103.58 22 Summary Lemon oil is a volatile oil obtained by expression method, without the application of heat, from the fresh peel of the ripe fruits of Citrus limonis It is used as a Flavouring agent and in Perfumery

23. PH103.58 23 1.Peppermint oil belongs to a.Leguminosae b.Meliaceae c.Solanaceae d.Labiatae Quiz

24. PH103.58 24 2.Lemon oil belongs to a.Rutaceae b.Labiatae c.Zingiberaceae d.Graminae Quiz

25. PH103.58 25 3.Peppermint oil is used as a.Antiseptic b.Expectorant c.Colouring agent d.Flavouring agent Quiz

26. Frequently asked Questions 1.Write the Biological source and uses of Peppermint oil 2.Give the list of Chemical constituents and uses of Lemon oil. 3.Give the list of Chemical constituents of Peppermint oil 26 PH103.58