The Reformation

When, Who and What When: It began in 1517 Who: It was launched by Martin Luther What: The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement –A protestant is one who protests (against the Catholic Church). –A reformation is to reform the church

Why Why do they call it the Reformation? –To reform means “to improve.” –Reformers (like Erasmus) wanted to improve the Catholic Church. –Revolutionaries (like Martin Luther) had to leave the Catholic Church. –They had no choice: The Catholic Church labeled them heretics and burned them at the stake.

How Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church and formed his own Protestant church. Results: Within 50 years, HALF of Europe became Protestant!

Where It began in Europe and spread to the New World. Northern Europe= Protestant –North America= Protestant Southern Europe=Catholic (close to Rome) –South America=Catholic

Where? Europe, mainly Germany and England Question: Why did the Reformation NOT start in Italy? England England Germany (aka Holy Roman Empire)

–People left the Catholic Church and formed their own Protestant churches. –The Protestant Reformation was one of the most significant events in the religious and political history of the world. As it turned out, Martin Luther created a REVOLUTION: How can one man change the world? What conditions must there be for that to happen?

Who? - Person #1, Martin Luther Main leader of the Protestant Reformation Former Catholic priest who protested the corruption of the Church, (indulgences) Wrote “95 Theses” (95 problems with the Church) Formed his own Christian religion called Lutheran How did the Church respond to Luther?

Some of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses #43 = “Christians are to be taught that he who gives to the poor or lends to the needy does better deeds than buying indulgences.” #47 = “Christians are to be taught that the buying of indulgences is a matter of free will, and not of commandment.” #72 = “He who goes against the lust and license of the indulgence-preachers, let him be blessed!”

Who? - Person #2, John Calvin Began the Calvinist Church Embraced the ideas of Luther Believed in Predestination (it’s decided when you’re born if going to heaven or not.)

Who? – Person #3 – King Henry VIII Father of Elizabeth I; Brought Reformation to England Left the Catholic Church in 1533…Why? Pope wouldn’t grant him a divorce from his wife (illegal) Later formed Church of England (Anglican Church)

The Fate of Henry VIII’s Six Wives Wife #1 – Catherine of Aragon (divorced because she no longer could produce a male heir to the throne) Wife #2 – Anne Boleyn (beheaded for adultery) Wife #3 – Jane Seymour (died of natural causes) Wife #4 – Anne of Cleaves (divorced; an arranged marriage to someone Henry Wife #4 – Anne of Cleaves (divorced; an arranged marriage to someone Henry never loved. never loved. Wife #5 – Kathryn Howard (beheaded for adultery) Wife #6 – Catherine Parr (survived)

Henry VIII Henry VIII’s six wives: divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived Henry’s 1 st daughter - Queen Mary “Bloody Mary” Henry’s 2 nd daughter - Queen Elizabeth I The Tudor Family Flow Chart