Bell Ringer: What gift would you give to a new mom and WHY would you give it? (Consider: She just came home from the hospital.) 7/3/2016

Child Development Unit 3 Birth and the Newborn

Unit 3 Vocabulary 1. Afterbirth - the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic sac that is delivered after the baby 2. APGAR Scale - a rating system that tests a newborn’s physical condition 3. Bonding - forming strong emotional ties between individuals 4. Cervix - the lower part of the uterus 5. Cesarean Birth - to deliver the baby by making a surgical incision in the mother's abdomen

Unit 3 Vocabulary 6. Colostrum - the first milk produced by a woman's breast after childbirth. It is rich in antibodies to protect the child from disease. 7. Delivery - the birth of the baby 8. Dilation - the stretching of the cervix to ready it for childbirth 9. Fontanels - open spaces in a baby's head where the bones have not joined

Unit 3 Vocabulary 10. Forceps – specialized tongs or pinchers used in delivery to grasp a baby to aid in delivery 11. Labor - process by which baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born 12. Lay-midwife - a non-medically trained person who helps deliver babies 13. Nurse-midwife - a medically trained person who helps deliver babies

Unit 3 Vocabulary 14. Obstetrician - a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth 15. Pediatrician - a doctor who specializes in the care of children 16. Postnatal - the period of the child after the birth 17. Postpartum - the time for the mother after the baby is born

Unit 3 Vocabulary 18. Premature Infant - baby born before 37 weeks of development and weighing less than 5 pounds 8 ounces 19. Rooming-in - when the newborn stays in the room with the mother day and night in the hospital 20. Uterine Contractions - the muscle walls of the uterus working to expel the baby 21. Vagina - the birth canal that allows the baby to be delivered

7/3/2016 Bell Ringer: How do you think you would cope with labor (or watching someone go into labor)?

7/3/2016 Objectives: Chart methods of childbirth and characteristics of each (3.2) Identify pros and cons of each method (3.2.1)

7/3/2016 History Of Delivery 1647: Forceps were developed. Many babies died in the early years of their use. 1647: Forceps were developed. Many babies died in the early years of their use. 1800: Chloroform was used to relieve women of any pain – it was harmful and even fatal to mother and baby. 1800: Chloroform was used to relieve women of any pain – it was harmful and even fatal to mother and baby.

7/3/2016 History Of Delivery 1882: First successful Cesarean delivery! Death rate remained high until 20th century. 1882: First successful Cesarean delivery! Death rate remained high until 20th century. 1900: Middle class women would be confined until well after the baby was born. 1900: Middle class women would be confined until well after the baby was born. Introduction of Maternity clothes (Lane Bryant) Introduction of Maternity clothes (Lane Bryant) 1920: Morphine and scopolamine (general anesthetic) 1920: Morphine and scopolamine (general anesthetic) These drugs proved to be harmful to baby and mom These drugs proved to be harmful to baby and mom Use of stirrups to prevent any tearing or ripping Use of stirrups to prevent any tearing or ripping

7/3/2016 History Of Delivery 1950: Use of drugs in “assisted” childbirth becomes popular. 1950: Use of drugs in “assisted” childbirth becomes popular. 1970: “Natural” childbirth is newly popular. 1970: “Natural” childbirth is newly popular. Midwife becomes popular, thus increasing home births. Midwife becomes popular, thus increasing home births. 1980: Trend shifts back toward hospital births. 1980: Trend shifts back toward hospital births. 1990: Mother & Father take a more active role in child birth. 1990: Mother & Father take a more active role in child birth.

7/3/2016 Methods of Childbirth Vaginal Delivery –Regular delivery that progresses in 3 stages; baby travels through birth canal (vagina) to achieve delivery Cesarean Delivery –Surgical incision made in mother’s abdomen to deliver baby VBAC – Vaginal Birth After Cesarean 3.2

Vaginal Methods: 1.Prepared Childbirth—pain is reduced through the elimination of fear and use of special exercises (Types of breathing: Bradley and Lamaze) 2.Natural Delivery—without drugs 3.Leboyer method—quiet delivery room, dim lights, soft music 4.Water method—relaxation in water softens the shock of delivery for mom and baby 5.Home delivery—use of midwife, only for low risk pregnancies

7/3/ Prepared Childbirth The Lamaze Method Combines classes in childbirth with ways of relaxing and controlling breathing; includes the strong emotional support of the coach Classes cover: normal labor & birth positioning to make labor & birth easier massage techniques other methods of comforting breathing techniques how partner can provide emotional support communication skills problems that might arise medical procedures and medications breastfeeding healthy choices women can make during pregnancy and after birth

7/3/ Natural Child Birth  No medications, relax the body by using breathing techniques

7/3/ Leboyer Method  “gentle childbirth” reduces the pain and shock of delivery Quiet delivery room, dim lights, soft music playing

7/3/ Birth in Water Becoming very popular. Water helps mom relax and softens the shock of delivery.

7/3/2016 Water Birth Hospital Room

7/3/2016 Birthing Room Delivery  Furnished like a bedroom to feel more like you are at home  Family members or close friends are able to stay in the room throughout labor and delivery.

7/3/2016 Methods of Childbirth Cesarean Section delivery of a baby by making a surgical incision in the mother’s abdomen (Performed if complications arise) mother can remain awake; father can be present about a 3 day hospital stay for mother & baby up to six weeks to recover (major surgery)

7/3/2016 Cesarean Section A small incision made in the lower abdomen and uterus where the baby is delivered

7/3/2016 Childbirth Medications –Analgesics narcotics/painkillers; doses are not strong enough to endanger the baby –Anesthesia completely block the sensation of pain by acting on the nerve cells –general (blocks feeling throughout the entire body, used during cesarean section) –spinal (blocks feeling in the lower half of the body; may cause strong headaches after birth) –epidural (blocks pain in the area of the uterus and vagina; may slow contractions and may lower the woman’s blood pressure) –caudal (similar to spinal but given to lower part of back; may also cause headaches and lower blood pressure) –local (applied to woman’s vagina after birth if an episiotomy is performed) –Pitocin manufactured form of the same hormone produced by the body to cause contractions; these contractions may be stronger, woman may need painkiller as well

Bell Ringer: Do you want to have your baby at home or at the hospital? Which would you rather have: a Cesarean or a vaginal delivery? Why? 7/3/2016

Objective: Name signs of beginning labor (3.3)

7/3/2016 Framework # 3.3 Name signs of beginning labor (3.3) 1. Bloody show (or losing the mucus plug)  Mucus plug seals the cervix and prevents bacteria from moving up the vagina, into the uterus  May lose a few days before labor begins 2. Water breaks  Membrane holding the amniotic fluid breaks 3. Contractions  Uterine muscles get shorter and harder, holds the hardness, and then relaxes and rests for a few minutes; cause the cervix to dilate

7/3/2016Framework #3.3 Signs of False Labor: (Braxton Hicks) Contractions are not regular or rhythmic Contractions do not increasingly become stronger Contractions end if a woman walks around

7/3/2016 Bell Ringer: Where do you want your child to be born? Why? What are the pros/cons to your decision?

7/3/2016 Objective: Describe the three stages of labor (3.4)

7/3/2016 Framework #3.4 Three Stages of Labor # of Stage Name of Stage Major Happenings DetailsTime for 1 st baby Time for later babies 1 Dilation Contractions force the cervix to open Early Labor (0-4 cm) Active Labor (4-8 cm) Transition (8-10 cm) Full dilation 100% effacement 6-18 hours2-5 hours 2 Delivery Baby is born (Pushing) Crowning Head then shoulders & body 1-2 hours15-30 min 3 Afterbirth Placenta is expelled Mild contractions Blood, membranes, etc min

7/3/2016 Framework #3.4 Stages of Labor – Stage One The First Stage  Contractions make the cervix dilate  The cervix will dilate from closed, which is its normal state, to fully open at ten centimeters (4 inches) in diameter. One centimeter = diameter of a single cheerio Three centimeters = diameter of a banana Five centimeters = diameter of a small apple Ten centimeters = diameter of a bagel  Cervix becomes thinner (effacement)

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Framework #3.4 Stages of Labor – Stage One The First Stage  Early Labor (dilation up to 4 cm) contractions from 10 to 20 minutes apart and lasting seconds may want to rest, walk, shower, or eat lightly keep hydrated by drinking lots of water and juice may last up to 8 hours in a first-time mother  Active Labor (dilation from 4cm – 8 cm) contractions become regular and form a pattern of increasing frequency contact caregiver and decide when to go to the hospital contractions will be about 3 minutes apart and will last seconds discomfort can often be helped by body positions that allow gravity to speed dilation (walk, squat) baby’s head slips out of the uterus into the birth canal

7/3/2016 Framework #3.4 Stages of Labor – Stage One The First Stage  Transition getting close to the birth of baby during this final phase of stage one cervix will dilate from 8 to 10 cm, often quickly contractions will be about 2 to 3 minutes apart and last seconds may be irritable and feel shaky or nauseated as hormones are working with the baby’s at full speed to prepare for delivery

7/3/2016 Framework #3.4 Stages of Labor – Stage Two The Second Stage: Crowning  will feel the urge to push the baby out; bear down in order to bring baby into the world  the top of the head appears at the opening of the birth canal The Second Stage: Head Emerges  medical attendants will guide mother through the last few pushes to deliver child  baby’s head emerges, changes shape  shoulders follow and then the rest of the baby

7/3/2016 Framework #3.4 Stages of Labor – Stage Three The Third Stage  birth of the placenta and membranes that have nourished and contained baby throughout pregnancy (afterbirth); no longer needed by the baby  occurs anywhere from 5 minutes to 1 hour after baby is born  these contractions are milder and occur as the mother is marveling at her child and feeling the support of her loved ones and caregivers

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