中国 Zhong Guo

The Long March

The Great Leap Forward An economic and social campaign in China ( ) designed to move China from an agrarian economy to a modern communist society.

The Great Leap Forward

It failed.

The Cultural Revolution Mao encouraged young people to completely end class differences.

The Cultural Revolution The Red Guard

The Cultural Revolution

Propaganda Art "Destroy the old world; build a new world.“

Tiananmen Square

15 April Former Communist party chief and reformist Hu Yaobang dies. Mourners gather in Tiananmen Square to grieve and call for reform April Demonstrations spread across China. 22 April Thousands of students gather in Tiananmen Square for Hu's memorial service. 26 April The state-run People's Daily accuses protesters of rejecting the Communist party, sparking further demonstrations. 4 May Thousands of students march on the 70th anniversary of the "May Fourth Movement". 13 May 160 students begin a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square. 15 May Mikhail Gorbachev arrives. Protests force the cancellation of plans to welcome him in the square. 20 May Martial law is declared in parts of Beijing. Troops move in, but civilians block their path. 24 May Troops leave. For the next week demonstrations continue. 2 June Party elders approve decision to put down protest by force. 3 June Thousands of soldiers move towards the centre of Beijing. Protesters try to block them and some troops respond by firing on the crowd. 4 June Tiananmen Square is cleared after a night of bloodshed. Gunfire continues throughout the day. 5 June The army has complete control. In a final act of defiance a young man repeatedly blocks a column of tanks.

Tiananmen Square

Estimates of deaths from different sources, in descending order: 10,000 dead (including civilians and soldiers) – Soviet Union. 7,000 deaths – NATO intelligence. 4,000 to 6,000 civilians killed, but no one really knows – Edward Timperlake. Over 3,700 killed, excluding disappearance or secret deaths and those denied medical treatment – PLA defector citing a document circulating among officers. 2,600 had officially died by the morning of 4 June (later denied) – the Chinese Red Cross. An unnamed Chinese Red Cross official estimated that, in total, 5,000 people were killed and 30,000injured. Closer to 1,000 deaths, according to Amnesty International and some of the protest participants, as reported in a Time article. Other statements by Amnesty have characterized the number of deaths as hundreds. 300 to 1,000 according to a Western diplomat that compiled estimates. 400 to 800 plausible according to the New York Times' Nicholas D. Kristof. He developed this estimate using information from hospital staff and doctors, and from "a medical official with links to most hospitals". 180–500 casualties, according to a declassified NSA document which referred to early casualty estimates. 241 dead, including soldiers, and 7,000 wounded, according to the Chinese government 186 named individuals confirmed dead at the end of June 2006 – Professor Ding Zilin of the Tiananmen Mothers. The Tiananmen Mothers' list includes some people whose deaths were not directly at the hands of the army, such as a person who committed suicide after the incident on 4 June.