1. Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989
Diego Flores
Cassandra Demata

2. Tiananmen Square large city square in the center of Beijing, China
Named Tiananmen Square roughly translated to Gate of Heavenly Peace
Contained monuments to heroes of the revolution and National Museum of China
Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic in the square on Oct. 1, 1949, an anniversary still observed there
Outside China, the square is best known in recent memory as the focal point of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

3. Tiananmen Square

4. Causes of Student Protests

5. Causes of Student Protests
Cult of personality and economic/political reforms of Mao Zedong and Lin Biao ( )
Death of Hu Yaobang (April 15, 1989)
a liberal reformer who was deposed after losing a power struggle with hardliners over the direction of political and economic reforms.
People protest and mourn the loss of Hu in the square
Protests begin
Editorial on Communist newspaper People’s Daily (April 26, 1989)
Sought to end protests against government
Protests detrimental to state
Backfires, only strengthens the opposition towards the government
Basic student needs
Inadequate education
Courses
Free speech
Inadequate food
Bad water quality
Need for economic and political reform
Capitalism
Democracy

6. Protests

7. Protest
Following death of Yaobang students came to protest along with workers alike
Led to number of rallies
Goal:social change
Defied ban on public gathering, demonstrations began in May 1989 in front of Communist HQ
Sympathisers tried to stop rallies
Students personified social change and intensified with new methods of protest
Hunger Strike
People fainted and were taken to hospital or some medical tents in the square
“Goddess of Democracy”
Made by art students and made of plaster of paris in response to the harsh economic policies of the government
Protests were peaceful
Martial Law was later instituted by Deng Xiaoping and set up soldiers in Beijing
People’s liberation Army (PLA)
Sympathisers
No action taken
Government tried to wait off protest, however it failed (fighting spirit)
Protest was made public
Due to big news regarding Gorbachev's visit to China

8. Massacre

9. Massacre Death Toll Official figures:200-300 dead; Civilians+Soldiers
Chinese censorship
Actual figures: estimated around over 10,000 people
Lated for two days against military fought against tanks, military grade weapons, and several harsh weapons
Aimed at civilians/students
Tourists also affected by gunfire
Tank Man brought resistance to Chinese military
People were silenced by the government as well as its harsh regimes
Parents fought to see the corpses of their children, however were turned away from the sqaure and were shot at
Event was made live and made it to the western world
Reporters and photographers smuggled footage out of China
People commended student protestors for resilience
Future with China uncertain
President George H.W. Bush denounced China in 1989 and stopped all military trade with China
Some western countries continued trade with China

10. Results of Massacre

11. Results of Massacre Removal of some party leaders
Zhao Ziyang, the then general secretary of CPC were forced to step down for their sympathy for those student protesters who went on a hunger strike.
Conservative CPC members gained more power, and even the then actual boss Deng Xiaoping had less control over politics
Jiang Zemin became the new party leader who still has influence on China's politics today.
Heavy government censorship of speech and art
Freedom of press and freedom of speech had been more severely suppressed
A lot of Chinese media were punished for supporting the protests
Later many google searches were banned in China relating to Tiananmen Square or other political uprisings
Foreign media were restricted from entering China, and some foreign journalists were expelled in the following weeks
Economic reform
The economic reform in some provinces were slowed down
Economic reform made some interest into capitalism
Broke legitimacy of Chinese information