2. China Becoming Communist China & China’s Culture

3. Becoming Communist China

4. Nationalist People’s Party (1912) – Developed as the Chinese grew angrier at their treatment by the Western Powers The Party Splits Nationalists want to develop a government based on western democratic principles Communists are basing their government on Karl Marx’s ideas Communist Party – Thought Karl Marx offered a way of achieving prosperity for all Chinese by defeating the imperialist powers in china through revolution led by the working class.

5. Japan took advantage of the fighting going on in China and invaded Nationalists and Communists united against Japan, but after the war ended (1945) the Communists had proved to be the strongest with the most support of the people. Mao Zedong announced (1949) the establishment of the communist state: The People’s Republic of China Long March (1934) - A 6000-mile march from Jiangxi to Yan’An. The march took one year. Of the 100,000 people that marched, only 8,000 reached their goal. Many of the marchers were killed by Nationalists, others died from hunger or disease

6. Leadership Under Mao (1945-1976) 1958 – The Great Leap Forward –Leaping into communism. –All private farms become communal farms. –Mao creates 26,000 peoples communes – Life in the communes looked like military life. –This became known as the Great Leap Backwards 1966 – Cultural Revolution – Smash the old order and establish a new socialist society –Red Guard – men and women whose job was to destroy the four olds by any means (1966-1969) –Four Olds – old ideology, old thought, old habits, and old customs So far all of Mao’s plans have been failures.

7. Leadership under Deng Xiaoping (1976-1993) The Four Modernizations 1.Improve agriculture – abolished commune system. Rent land to individual families and they decide what to produce. 2.Improve industry – change from heavy to light industry and focus more on small consumer goods 3.Improve science and technology 4.Improve defense Deng has been successful – China is expected to have the largest economy in the world by 2025 People are now demanding the 5 th Modernization – Political freedom

8. The 5 th Modernization Tiananmen Square Demonstration – April 27, 1989 to June 4, 1989 –100,000 people were demanding democratic reforms. –The government imposed Marshall Law and ordered the people to leave. –June 3, 1989 – those that had not left were fired upon with no warning. –2,000 people were killed, and many more were wounded Repression in China has continued.

17. China’s People and Culture

22. Three Gorges Dam as of July 2003

25. Huge Population Mao Zedong –He believed that the larger the population the stronger the country –He encouraged families to have large families In 1960 China’s growth rate was 2.07% When he figured out it was a problem he changed it to two children per family

26. Huge Population Deng Xiaoping –He called for all families to have only one child. –Families with only one child received special benefits Better houses Better jobs and pay –Families that had more They got fined Wages were cut and possible lost their jobs

27. Huge Problem China’s population control programs have had mixed success –In rural areas families continued to have large families to work the farms –In urban areas families generally complied –Altogether China’s growth rate went down to 1.1 percent but they are still estimated to hit 1.4 billion by 2010

28. Ethnic groups There are 55 ethnic minorities –Each with its own language, religion & culture –They make up 6% of the population 94% of the population are from the Han ethnic groups

29. Language Language is based on ideograms –An ideogram is a Picture or characters that represents a thing or an idea –There are over 20,000 different characters in the Chinese language –Each character is pronounced different in different areas of the country making the Chinese language very diverse. –With all the different dialects, Mandarin Chinese is the official language of the country

30. Religion Three main religions –Daoism –Confucianism –Buddhism Despite these religious philosophies, China is still primarily atheist, meaning they don’t believe in a god The Communist government outlaws most religious practices

31. Traditions China is very traditional –They live their lives based on traditions that have been around for thousands of years –Medical practices are even very traditional Good health comes from harmony with the environment Acupuncture or inserting needles into specific points in the body to relieve pain is still widely used