Language Has more than one variety especially in the way in wich it is spoken

The Standard Language Souns, words and sentences in English Features of only one variety Standard English Variety which forms basis of printed English in books, newapapers, etc. Is used in the mass media. Is taught in schools. It is the variety we normally try to teach to those who want to learn English as a second language. It is clearly associated with education and broadcastings in public contexts. Is more easily described in terms of the written language than the spoken language.

Accent and dialect AccentDialect Every language-user speaks with an accent Describe aspects of pronunciation which identify where an individual speaker is from, regionally and socially Describe features of grammar and vocabulary, as well as aspects of pronunciation

Regional dialects Is a variety of a language spoken in a paticular area Some regional dialects clearly have stereotyped pronunciation associated with them.

Isoglosses and dialect boundaries Isogloss Dialect boundary A line that represents a boundary between the areas with regard to that one particular linguistic item A solid line of a number of isoglosses that came together

The dialect continuum A range of dialects that vary slightly by region So that the further apart two regions are More the language differs

Bilingualism Ability to speak or write fluently in two languages. One language tends to become the dominant one, with the other in a subordinate role

Language planning Is designed to direct or change language use, as through the establishment of an official language.

Pidgins and creoles Pidgin -No native speakers -Is not a language -Is spoken mainly -Variety for trading purposes Time + generations + Creole -It has native speakers -Is not a language -Is spoken & written

The Post-Creole Continuum AcrolectBasilectMesolect Variety closer to the external model The more basic variety More prestigious than basilect