Future Research Infrastructures: Challenges & Opportunities Varenna, Italy July 11, 2015 Dr. Amy K. Flatten Director of International Affairs American Physical Society

 U.S. Physicists Appreciate – Physics is “International”  International partnerships: direction of “Big Science”  Future large-scale collaborations will benefit from international partners  Many Different Models of Collaboration  CERN: regarded as successful, recent White House signing ceremony  ITER: History of challenges  LBNF/DUNE: First U.S. project scoped initially as international collaboration  No “One Size Fits All” Model  Must learn from successes & failures of many models  Create models for international collaborations that benefit all partners

Asking Ourselves: How could/should U.S. physics community best plan for future large-scale international collaborations (and accompanying facilities)?  What role should APS play in helping the U.S. physics community?  50,000+ APS members worldwide: include most stakeholders  Research scientists  International colleagues  Policy-makers  Serve as:  Vehicle to collect, consolidate, and incorporate “lessons-learned”?  Facilitate discussions among stakeholders?  Or…Just another layer of bureaucracy, administrators, etc.? How should APS address members’ and partners’ multiple interests?

 APS: At the intersection of policy-making, science, & international affairs  Physics Policy Committee (PPC): U.S. Government policies affecting physics research, collaboration & funding  Committee on International Scientific Affairs (CISA): International engagement, partnerships & programs  PPC-CISA Roundtable Series – An “Experiment”  “U.S. Participation in Large-Scale International Collaborations”  Small and manageable vehicle for candid conversations with representatives from science and (eventually) government  Can ultimately inform future actions for the APS

 Initial roundtable ~ October 2015  Initial “experience gathering exercise”  physicists with first-hand knowledge of large-scale, international collaborations: Astrophysics, Nuclear physics Particle physics Atomic, molecular & optical physics (AMO) Plasma physics Condensed matter physics  Objectives of October roundtable:  Initial assessment/landscape  Identify & prioritize key issues affecting successes or challenges  Focus for follow-on roundtable discussions (with policy-makers?)

 Want “forward looking” discussion (i.e., not a “gripe session”)  Summer 2015: Collect & analyze “lessons learned” from participants  Discuss & rate severity and frequency of challenges or successes from:  Nature of collaborative agreement (e.g., bi-lateral? multi-lateral? between governments? labs?, did or didn’t include international partners from the onset, other?)  Administrative Structure (e.g., international participation? one country dominates? other?)  Strategic Planning & Shaping Scientific Program (Did partners have a say, or does host country dominate or decide?)  Access Policies (e.g., do partner countries offer reciprocity? Is reciprocity a concern?)  Financing (e.g., U.S. contributions to construction? operation? other? )

 APS Roundtable Series: Initially “U.S. Centric”  Will focus on U.S. participation in large-scale collaboration  Include international perspective from SIF/EPS leadership  Topical focus will evolve – “learn by doing”  European Science Open Forum 2016 (ESOF2016)  Joint proposal from American Physical Society & European Physical Society  Proposed similar roundtable session  Short discussion session—not long term planning  Also Asking Ourselves: What could/should be the best mechanisms for “long-term planning” at international level?  What country will host which major facility?  National physical societies – international physics forum?  Role for IUPAP? OECD?  Other…TBD!