Chapter 5-Bonding Related to the idea that most elements are reactive and want to go together with other elements ex. Rb exploding in water

Chemical Bonds - you “see” them as reactions -Compounds are formed ex. Na + Cl  NaCl Every compound has its own formula Ex. Water= Carbon dioxide= Glucose=

More Compounds and Formulas Formulas tell you: 1.Types of elements 2.Ratio (how much of one compared to another)

Coefficient vs. Subscript ( Numbers included with compounds) 1.Coefficient Numbers placed in front of symbol Ex. 3C or 2NaCl 2.Subscript Numbers written below symbol Ex. O 2

Chemical Stability All elements want to be stable (happy) “Noble Gas Wanna-Be” Most must chemically combine with other elements to be happy (form compounds) Stable/happy = FULL outer electron level

A Chemical Bond “Glue” that holds atoms together in compounds Helps elements become more stable During bonding elements can lose, gain, or share VALENCE electrons

Types of Bonds 1.Ionic Bonds Form when opposite charges (IONS) attract Usually connect metals and nonmetals

What’s an ion? Ion atoms with – or + charge Elements become ions when they lose/gain valence electrons to become stable (happy) Want full outer level

Different Families of Elements Become Ions Different Ways

Different Ways cont. KScience - Animations

When Ions “find” each other: 1.Ionic compounds are formed 2.The ratio of elements is very specific 3.The total charge of all the elements added together is usually neutral We use the ion charges (oxidation numbers) and the “Bury superman” method to figure this out (drop and flop)

Oxidation Numbers -the type of ion an element becomes (check the top of my PT)

What’s the correct formula: Use oxidation numbers and “ bury” Superman 1.Hydrogen + oxygen = 2.Carbon + oxygen= 3.Lithium + sulfur= 4.Sodium+ fluorine= 5.Potassium + oxygen=

What is the name of the compound? KCl BeS CaBr MgF Rule (for simple examples): 1. use name of 1 st 2. use name of 2 nd (drop last syllable and add “ide”)

Opposites Attract????

Covalent Bonding Different type of “glue” Bonds that form when atoms SHARE electrons Usually holds together non- metals

Dot Diagrams Used to show covalent bonds Diagrams include two things: 1.Element symbols 2.Dots to represent the number of valance electrons (outside level)

Covalent vs. Ionic Bonds YouTube - Ionic and covalent bonding animationYouTube - Ionic and covalent bonding animation