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The Periodic Table
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Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period
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The Periodic Table Groups are based on number of valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell or energy level) of each element
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The Periodic Table Dot Diagrams
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The Periodic Table
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Lithium Atomic Number (number of protons) Period Symbol Atomic Mass
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Number of Energy Levels: 2 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 1 Lithium
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Beryllium Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Number of Energy Levels: 2 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 2 Beryllium
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Boron Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Boron Number of Energy Levels: 2 First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 3
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Sodium Atomic Number (number of protons) Symbol Atomic Mass Period
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Sodium Number of Energy Levels: 3 1 st Energy Level: 2 2 nd Energy Level: 8 3 rd Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Number of Energy Levels: 4 1 st Energy Level: 2 2 nd Energy Level: 8 3 rd Energy Level: 8 4 th Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Number of Energy Levels: 5 1 st Energy Level: 2 2 nd Energy Level: 8 3 rd Energy Level: 18 4 th Energy Level: 8 5 th Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Number of Energy Levels: 6 1 st Energy Level: 2 2 nd Energy Level: 8 3 rd Energy Level: 18 4 th Energy Level: 18 5 th Energy Level: 8 6 th Energy Level: 1
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Patterns of Valence Electrons Number of Energy Levels: 7 1 st Energy Level: 2 2 nd Energy Level: 8 3 rd Energy Level: 18 4 th Energy Level: 32 5 th Energy Level: 18 6 th Energy Level: 8 7 th Energy Level: 1
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The Periodic Table A row of elements across the periodic table is called a Period The atomic number increases one at a time across a period of elements
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The Periodic Table Period 2 starts with Lithium Period 2 and continues across to Neon
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The Periodic Table
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Elements with the same number of valence electrons have similar properties
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The Periodic Table For example, lithium, sodium,
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The Periodic Table For example, lithium, sodium, and the rest of the elements in Group 1 are all alkali metals which are very reactive Alkali Metals
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The Periodic Table GROUP 1
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The Periodic Table GROUP 1 Alkali Metals 1 Valence electron in outer shell. Very REACTIVE
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The Periodic Table GROUP 18 NOBEL GASES
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The Periodic Table GROUP 18 NOBEL GASES 8 Valence Electrons in outer shell. Very Stable
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The Periodic Table GROUP 17 HALOGENS
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The Periodic Table GROUP 17 HALOGENS 7 Valence Electrons in outer shell. Very Reactive
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The Periodic Table Other metals Groups 2 through 12
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The Periodic Table Most have 1, 2, or 3 Valence electrons
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The Periodic Table They react by losing electrons
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The Periodic Table Other Nonmetals (Green)
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The Periodic Table React by gaining electrons
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The Periodic Table Metalloids (Yellow)
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The Periodic Table Behave as metals or nonmetals
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The Periodic Table Can lose or share electrons
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The Periodic Table Hydrogen
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The Periodic Table Considered a nonmetal
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The Periodic Table Located above Group 1
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The Periodic Table One valence electron
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The Periodic Table Very REACTIVE
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The Periodic Table QUESTIONS?
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Chemical Formulas and Names What is a chemical formula? Compounds can be represented by chemical formulas
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Chemical Formulas and Names A chemical formula is a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound.
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Chemical Formulas and Names Formulas of Ionic Compounds MgCl 2 The formula for magnesium chloride.
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Chemical Formulas and Names Formulas of Ionic Compounds MgCl 2 (Magnesium Chloride) One Magnesium ion Two Chloride ions
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Chemical Formulas and Names Formulas of Ionic Compounds MgCl 2 Mg Cl 2+ 1-
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Chemical Formulas and Names Formulas of Ionic Compounds NaCl One Sodium ion One Chloride ion
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Chemical Formulas and Names Formulas of Ionic Compounds NaCl Na Cl 1+ 1-
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Chemical Formulas and Names Naming Ionic Compounds The name of the positive ion comes first… Followed by the name of the negative ion
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Chemical Formulas and Names Naming Ionic Compounds If the negative ion is a single element the end of its name changes to -ide MgO = Magnesium Oxide NaCl = Sodium Chloride
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Chemical Formulas and Names Naming Ionic Compounds If the negative ion is a polyatomic element the end of its name changes to –ate or -ite NH 4 NO 3 = Ammonium Nitrate
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Ionic Compounds They have opposite charges and opposite charges attract Why do sodium and chloride ions bond together?
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Ionic Compounds General Properties or Characteristics of Ionic Compounds High melting points Conduct electricity when dissolved or melted Hard, brittle crystals Energy is required to break ionic bonds
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Ionic Compounds What are Ionic compounds? Ionic compounds are compounds that consist of positive and negative compounds
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Molecular Compounds What are Molecular compounds? Molecular compounds are compounds that contain molecules bonded with COVALENT bonds
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Covalent Bonds What is a covalent bond? The chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
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How Covalent Bonds Form
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Covalent bonds usually form between atoms of nonmetals Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds Ionic bonds usually form when a metal combines with a nonmetal
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In Ionic bonding, atoms give up or gain an electron Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons
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NaCl Na Cl 1+ 1- Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds Ionic Bonding
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Ionic Compounds vs Molecular Compounds Covalent Bonding
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Covalent Bonds What is a covalent bond? The chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons
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Covalent Bonds H H Hydrogen Atom Oxygen Atom Water Molecule with two covalent bonds
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Covalent Bonds How many covalent bonds can an atom form? Oxygen has 6 valence electrons so it can form 2 covalent bonds
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Covalent Bonds How many covalent bonds can an atom form? The exception is Hydrogen which only needs two electrons to be complete H
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Covalent Bonds How many covalent bonds can an atom form? Each Hydrogen atom can form one bond because it only needs 2 electrons to be stable H
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Covalent Bonds H H H Hydrogen Atoms Nitrogen Atom
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Covalent Bonds H H H Ammonia molecule… Three covalent bonds
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Covalent Bonds Double and Triple Bonds Oxygen Atom
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Covalent Bonds Double and Triple Bonds Oxygen Molecule
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Covalent Bonds Double and Triple Bonds Go to page 32 of your textbook
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