1. Chemical COMPOUNDS
SC.8.P.8.5
SC.912.P.8.7

2. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS There are a finite number of elements (118)
Their atoms combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds
These compounds make up EVERYTHING
ALL living and non-living things in our universe

3. Chemical Bonds
Compounds are formed when atoms bond together (molecule = one unit of a compound)
Chemical bonds are created with valence electrons
electrons farthest from the nucleus (outer “shell”)
Octet Rule: Atoms try to get 8 valence electrons, either by gaining, losing, or sharing
There are two types of chemical bonds:
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds

4. Ionic Bonds
Ion – atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged by gaining or losing valence electrons.
Ionic bonds form between ions when their opposing charges attract (like magnets).
Ionic bonds usually form between metals and nonmetals from opposite sides of the periodic table

5. Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds form when atoms share pairs of valence electrons
Both atoms use the same electrons to complete their outer shell
Covalent bonds usually form between nonmetals from the right side of the periodic table

6. CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Chemical formulas represent the composition of one molecule of a chemical by showing the number of atoms of each element that combine to make it.
Element Symbols - Elements (note capital letters)
Subscripts – Number of Atoms of that element
Note: If there is no subscript, it means there is only one atom of that element in the molecule

7. H2O CHEMICAL FORMULAS Ex: DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE – “water”
One molecule of water consists of:
hydrogen – 2 atoms
oxygen – 1 atom

8. C6H12O6 CHEMICAL FORMULAS Ex: GLUCOSE – “sugar”
One molecule of glucose consists of:
carbon – 6 atoms
hydrogen – 12 atoms
oxygen – 6 atoms

9. CF2Cl2 CHEMICAL FORMULAS Ex: DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE – “freon”
One molecule of glucose consists of:
carbon – 1 atom
fluorine – 2 atoms
chlorine – 2 atoms

10. KHC4H4O6 CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Ex: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN TARTRATE – “cream of tartar”
KHC4H4O6
One molecule of cream-of-tartar consists of:
potassium – 1 atom
hydrogen – 5 atoms *(1+4)
carbon – 4 atoms
oxygen – 6 atoms