Using the Main Group Elements of the Periodic Table to Draw Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 1.01 1 He 4.00 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20.

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Presentation transcript:

Using the Main Group Elements of the Periodic Table to Draw Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams 1.01 1 He 4.00 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg K Ca Al Si P S Cl Ar 6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 39.10 40.08 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

K Nuclear Notation The Atomic Number Indicates the number of protons in an atom Protons give the location and identity of the element on the periodic table. 19 K 39.1 atomic number

Rules of Atomic Structure Atomic number = number of protons 2. Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons How do we determine the number of neutrons in an element? 3. Number of neutrons = mass number (rounded to the nearest whole number) – atomic number 3. Number of protons = number of electrons in a neutral atom

K K Nuclear Notation The Mass Number The rounded atomic mass Indicates the number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of the atom 19 K 39.1 atomic mass Nuclear Notation 39 K 19 rounded 39

The Bohr-Rutherford Model Graphic Representation of the Main Group Elements from #’s 1-20 Main group elements are elements in families 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A & 8A The Radius of electron cloud is approximately 20 000 times larger than the nucleus This model atom is similar to our Solar System  electrons are found in distinct orbits around the nucleus Orbits for electrons are referred to as orbital shells and are drawn as circles around the nucleus.

Orbital Shells p + n nucleus (protons + neutrons) 1st shell (max. 2 electrons) 2nd shell (max. 8 electrons) 3rd shell (max. 8 electrons) 4th shell (max. 2 electrons)

Valence Electrons Valence electron: Electron in the outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms

Valence Electrons Family 1A elements  1 valence electron Family 2A elements  2 valence electrons Family 3A elements  3 valence electrons Family 4A elements  4 valence electrons Family 5A elements  5 valence electrons Family 6A elements  6 valence electrons Family 7A elements  7 valence electrons Family 8A elements  8 valence electrons

1A 8A H 1.01 1 2 He 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.00 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 19 20 K Ca 39.10 40.08

Bohr-Rutherford diagram HYDROGEN (H) Bohr-Rutherford diagram PROTONS: 1 NEUTRONS: 0 Nuclear Notation P-1 N-0 1 H 1

Bohr-Rutherford diagram HELIUM (He) PROTONS: 2 NEUTRONS: 2 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P-2 N-2 4 He 2

Bohr-Rutherford diagram LITHIUM (Li) PROTONS: 3 NEUTRONS: 4 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 3 N-4 7 Li 3

Bohr-Rutherford diagram BERYLLIUM (Be) PROTONS: 4 NEUTRONS: 5 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 4 N-5 9 Be 4

Bohr-Rutherford diagram BORON (B) PROTONS: 5 NEUTRONS: 6 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 5 N-6 11 B 5

Bohr-Rutherford diagram CARBON (C) PROTONS: 6 NEUTRONS: 6 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 6 N-6 12 C 6

Bohr-Rutherford diagram NITROGEN (N) PROTONS: 7 NEUTRONS: 7 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 7 N-7 14 N 7

Bohr-Rutherford diagram OXYGEN (O) PROTONS: 8 NEUTRONS: 8 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 8 N-8 16 O 8

Bohr-Rutherford diagram FLUORINE (F) PROTONS: 9 NEUTRONS: 10 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 9 N-10 19 F 9

Bohr-Rutherford diagram NEON (Ne) PROTONS: 10 NEUTRONS: 10 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 10 N-10 20 Ne 10

Bohr-Rutherford diagram SODIUM (Na) PROTONS: 11 NEUTRONS: 12 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 11 N-12 23 Na 11

Bohr-Rutherford diagram MAGNESIUM (Mg) PROTONS: 12 NEUTRONS: 12 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 12 N-12 24 Mg 12

Bohr-Rutherford diagram ALUMINUM (Al) PROTONS: 13 NEUTRONS: 14 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 13 N-14 27 Al 13

Bohr-Rutherford diagram SILICON (Si) PROTONS: 14 NEUTRONS: 14 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 14 N-14 28 Si 14

Bohr-Rutherford diagram PHOSPHORUS (P) PROTONS: 15 NEUTRONS: 16 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 15 N-16 31 P 15

Bohr-Rutherford diagram SULFUR (S) PROTONS: 16 NEUTRONS: 16 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 16 N-16 32 S 16

Bohr-Rutherford diagram CHLORINE (Cl) PROTONS: 17 NEUTRONS: 18 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 17 N-18 35 Cl 17

Bohr-Rutherford diagram ARGON (Ar) PROTONS: 18 NEUTRONS: 22 Bohr-Rutherford diagram Nuclear Notation P- 18 N- 22 40 Ar 18

Bohr-Rutherford diagram POTASSIUM (K) Bohr-Rutherford diagram PROTONS: 19 NEUTRONS: 20 Nuclear Notation P- 19 N-20 39 K 19

Bohr-Rutherford diagram CALCIUM (Ca) Bohr-Rutherford diagram PROTONS: 20 NEUTRONS: 20 Nuclear Notation P- 20 N-20 40 Ca 20