MUSIC THROUGH THE AGES Tuesday, February 2 nd

OBJECTIVES Unit 1 Test Review Begin Haydn – Classical Period Happy Tuesday!

FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN Born outside of Vienna, Austria Father was a wheelwright and served as Marktrichter (Mayor) and his mother was a cook Both of his parents could not read music in any way

HAYDN’S JOURNEY At the age of 6, Haydn’s parents sent him off to study music with Johann Matthias Frankh in Hainburg where Haydn began learning harpsichord and violin At the age of 7, Haydn became a choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna. Received formal training in singing, harpsichord, violin and Latin Liked to play practical jokes (caused his dismissal from St. Stephen’s Cathedral at age 17) Often went hungry during both of these tenures

HAYDN’S JOURNEY CONTINUES After his dismissal from St. Stephens in 1749, Haydn struggled a great deal to find work; many jobs as a music teacher, street serenade and an accompanist for composer Nicola Porpora Porpora taught Haydn the compositional skills he did not receive while at St. Stephen’s Through a series of small works gaining fame, Haydn eventually worked his way into the aristocrat circle and gained their patronage in 1756 Baron Carl Josef Fürnberg employed Haydn at his estate in Weinzierl, this is where he wrote his first string quartets Received his first full-time employement in 1757 from Count Morzin

KAPELLMEISTER YEARS TO ESTERHAZY Under Count Morzin, Haydn served as Kapellmeister (music director) for the Count’s private orchestra Morzin later fell into financial trouble and had to release Haydn and his musicians Was hired by Prince Paul Anton of the Esterhazy family Here Haydn stayed permanently and was allowed to free-lance in and travels to London, returns to Vienna in 1795

ESTERHAZY PALACE

HAYDN STRING QUARTETS The string quartets and symphonies were considered to be Haydn’s best works String Quartet Op. 33, written in 1781 is most commonly referred to as the Russian quartets, because they were written for Grand Duke Paul of Russia 6 Quartets each containing 4 movements Most famous is Op. 33 No. 2 “The Joke” Places a sudden grand pause at the end of the last movement, waits for audience to clap and then starts the piece over again.

HAYDN STRING QUARTETS CONTINUED String Quartet Op. 76 was composed between 1796 and 1797 and were written for Hungarian Count Joseph Georg von Erdödy 6 Quartets each containing 4 movements Most famous is Op. 76 No. 3 “The Emperor” Name Emperor because Haydn in the previous movement quotes the melody “God Save Emperor Francis” This melody is later used in the German National Anthem.