Civil War 2

I. King Returns to Throne A. King Returns A. King Returns Charles II became the new king, the son Charles II became the new king, the son of Charles I of Charles I II. Merry Monarch Charles II returns to London on May 29, Charles II returns to London on May 29, people celebrated wildly people celebrated wildly This period, in which the House of Stuart This period, in which the House of Stuart was returned to the throne is called was returned to the throne is called Restoration Restoration

A. Dealing with Religious Questions Charles II agreed to let parliament settle the country's raging religious debates Charles II agreed to let parliament settle the country's raging religious debates openly accepted English Church but in secret he turned to Catholicism openly accepted English Church but in secret he turned to Catholicism Parliament passed laws known as Parliament passed laws known as Clarendon Code made church of England state religion Clarendon Code made church of England state religion B. Limiting Royal Power parliament limited power to the king parliament limited power to the king

Constitutional Monarchy-monarch’s power is limited by a constitution C. Establishing Political parties the first political parties were started around this time the first political parties were started around this time Whigs and Tories were the 1 st two political parties Whigs and Tories were the 1 st two political parties III. Bloodless Revolt Charles II died in 1685 Charles II died in 1685 his brother James II became king his brother James II became king

A. Glorious Revolution William III and Mary II William III and Mary II gained English throne without bloodshed gained English throne without bloodshed B. New Limits on Royal Power kings and queens sworn to observe the laws and customs of their Royal ancestors kings and queens sworn to observe the laws and customs of their Royal ancestors Parliament pass Bill of Rights Parliament pass Bill of Rights king can not raise taxes or maintain an king can not raise taxes or maintain an army with consent of Parliament army with consent of Parliament

guaranteed certain individual rights Right to trial by jury limited the amount of bail money IV. Parliament and the Crown A. Succession and Union A. Succession and Union power increased to Parliament power increased to Parliament parliament had to establish a new order parliament had to establish a new order of succession of succession B. Political Parties and the Cabinet B. Political Parties and the Cabinet Cabinet- small group of advisers selected Cabinet- small group of advisers selected from House of Commons from House of Commons

Custom to choose cabinet members only from the party holding majority of the seats in Parliament Prime Minister- chief executive of a parliamentary government V. Road to Revolt A. British Empire in America A. British Empire in America role of the colonies was to produce goods-raw materials that could not produced in Great Britain and duty-taxes markets for manufactured role of the colonies was to produce goods-raw materials that could not produced in Great Britain and duty-taxes markets for manufactured

B. Colonial Political Power colonies were managed by royal governor colonies were managed by royal governor the governor appointed judges and officials the governor appointed judges and officials voting was restricted to men who owned properity or paid taxes voting was restricted to men who owned properity or paid taxes assemblies struggle for power with governors assemblies struggle for power with governors C. Colonial Controls British and French were disputing claims British and French were disputing claims in North America in North America

1754 French and Indian War 1760 England defeat the French George Grenville was appointed by George III to be first Lord of the Treasury in 1763 Grenville wanted colonists to pay for defense Navigations Act Stamp Act Direct tax- a tax paid directly to the government

D. Colonial Protests colonists boycott British goods colonists boycott British goods colonists said “No taxation without representation.” colonists said “No taxation without representation.” Leaders- John Adams, George Washington, Samuel Adams Leaders- John Adams, George Washington, Samuel Adams Boston Massacre- colonists harassed British troops and they fired in the crowd 5 died Boston Massacre- colonists harassed British troops and they fired in the crowd 5 died 1 st Continental Congress 1 st Continental Congress Philadelphia Philadelphia 50 delegates 50 delegates

1 st time leaders met face to face VI. War for Independence April 19, 1775 April 19, 1775 Gen. Thomas Gage, to seize the colonists military supplies (700 troops) Gen. Thomas Gage, to seize the colonists military supplies (700 troops) Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to warn the colonial minutemen Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to warn the colonial minutemen George Washington was named commander of army George Washington was named commander of army

Declaration of Independence- Thomas Jefferson author turning point came in Oct in Saratoga, NY British surrender in Aug at Yorktown, VA A. Forming Government became a confederation became a confederation Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation new constitution set up federal system new constitution set up federal system elections were held in 1789 elections were held in 1789 George Washington was first president George Washington was first president