Kingdom Animalia Animals are: Animals are: Multicellular, with tissues and organ systems that perform specialized functions Multicellular, with tissues and organ systems that perform specialized functions Eukaryotic, with no cell walls Eukaryotic, with no cell walls Heterotrophic Heterotrophic Mobile at some point in their life-cycle Mobile at some point in their life-cycle

Animal Groups Animals are placed into one of two informal groups for classification purposes: 1. Invertebrates- 95% of animal species are invertebrates, animals that do not have a backbone. Everything from insects to squid. 2. Vertebrates- 5% of animals species, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.

What Animals Do Eat: Animals find and eat their food. They can be carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous (both) or parasitic. Animals can also be filter-feeders and detrivores (eat dead things.) Eat: Animals find and eat their food. They can be carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous (both) or parasitic. Animals can also be filter-feeders and detrivores (eat dead things.) Respiration: Animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Respiration: Animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Circulation: Most animals have a circulatory system to move materials within their bodies. Circulation: Most animals have a circulatory system to move materials within their bodies.

What Animals Do Excretion: Most animals have systems to get waste products like ammonia out of their bodies. Excretion: Most animals have systems to get waste products like ammonia out of their bodies. Response: Nervous systems within animals allow them to respond to events in their environment. Response: Nervous systems within animals allow them to respond to events in their environment. Movement: Most animals are motile, and have muscles that contract, allowing them to move. Movement: Most animals are motile, and have muscles that contract, allowing them to move. Reproduction: Most reproduction is sexual with the fusion of haploid gametes, although asexual reproduction occurs in many invertebrates. Reproduction: Most reproduction is sexual with the fusion of haploid gametes, although asexual reproduction occurs in many invertebrates.

Animal Development (p. 661) All reproduce sexually, some also reproduce asexually. All reproduce sexually, some also reproduce asexually. All animal cells originally come from a zygote. All animal cells originally come from a zygote. The first cell divisions of the zygote are called cleavages. The first cell divisions of the zygote are called cleavages. Several cleavages result in the production of a small, hollow ball of cells called a blastula Several cleavages result in the production of a small, hollow ball of cells called a blastula As the cells continue to divide, they push into the interior As the cells continue to divide, they push into the interior The developing organism becomes a gastrula The developing organism becomes a gastrula

Development cont… The gastrula has an opening called the blastopore The gastrula has an opening called the blastopore Because each cleavage results in smaller and smaller cells, the gastrula is usually about the same size as the original zygote. Because each cleavage results in smaller and smaller cells, the gastrula is usually about the same size as the original zygote. During later development of the gastrula, the cells undergo differentiation. During later development of the gastrula, the cells undergo differentiation.

Protostome vs. Deuterosome Protostome – mouth formed from blastopore *Mostly invertebrates Deuterostome – anus is formed from the blastopore and the mouth is formed second. *Echinoderms & all vertebrates

Body Cavities Coelom – lies between the digestive tract and the body wall Coelom – lies between the digestive tract and the body wall Important because it provides space in which internal organs can be suspended Important because it provides space in which internal organs can be suspended Provide room for internal organs (growth) Provide room for internal organs (growth) Some cavities have fluids that are involved in circulation, feeding & excretion. Some cavities have fluids that are involved in circulation, feeding & excretion.

Body Symmetry The bodies of most animals show some kind of symmetry The bodies of most animals show some kind of symmetry Organisms that lack symmetry are called asymmetrical Organisms that lack symmetry are called asymmetrical

Spatial Relationships of Bilateral Symmetry Front of an animal = anterior Front of an animal = anterior Opposite of the head, or hind end = posterior Opposite of the head, or hind end = posterior Underside = ventral Underside = ventral Opposite of the ventral surface (or back) = dorsal Opposite of the ventral surface (or back) = dorsal Medial = toward the midline Medial = toward the midline Lateral = away from the midline (sides) Lateral = away from the midline (sides)

Cephalization Most animals with bilateral symmetry Most animals with bilateral symmetry It is a concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the body. It is a concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of the body. Allows animals to respond to stimuli in a more advanced way than simple animals Allows animals to respond to stimuli in a more advanced way than simple animals

WRAP UP! Video (14 mins)…and video quiz Video (14 mins)…and video quiz Guided Reading Packet 26-1 Guided Reading Packet 26-1