Why does this country have water scarcity?

Learning Objectives To understand how human can impact on water availability To understand example of this and to see how the Murray – Darling Basin ( Australia) is effected by a variety of these factors

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Sewage disposal By 2020 sewage disposal in developing countries is expected to cause 135 million deaths Diseases such as typhiod and cholera are common Example = in the UK we add 1,400 million litres of sewage to our river daily Example = Citarum River, West Java. Carries the waste from 9 million people

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Chemical Fertilisers This can contaminate groundwater as well as river supplies Sewage and fertilisers add nutrients to the river, increase the growth of algae and cause eutrophication Example = Yucatan, Mexico high levels of nitrates in groundwater Example = Gulf of Mexico, high levels of algae

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Industrial Pollution 400 billion tonnes of industrial waste is generated each year in the world Much such as chemicals and heavy metals are put into the water Examples in NE China Example = Citarum River in West Java, Indonesia, carriers the waste from hundreds of farms and factories.

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Dams These trap sediment These reduce the floodplain fertility These reduce the flow of nutrients from the river to the sea These damage coastal fish stocks The sediment change can kill fish and impact on the ecosystem Example = Aswan Dam on the River Nile Example = 3 Gorges Dam, China ( see notes in a few weeks time)

Over abstraction of Water Can be removed for Irrigation or drinking water If too much is removed, in arid areas the water can not return Example of over extraction = Bangladesh and Pakistan Over abstraction can also led to salt water incursion and Salinisation. Can occur in wells, or on the coast Example = California coastline

Task – Example of Murray Darling Basin Use the Oxford book and supplement your notes with this case study. Make sure you cover : Salinity Eutrophication Groundwater Soil degradation Impacts on ecosystems Cultural Impacts P.85 Put in Specific Place detail