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Individual Freedom Strong Government The bigger and stronger the government becomes, the more dangerous many Americans believe it is to their individual freedom. Government even in its best state is but a necessary evil ; in its worst state, an intolerable one. 4

Government & Politics - President - Chief executive - Supreme Court - Lower national courts Congress - Senate - House The organization 5

Government & Politics The organization SurveillanceNeutrality Power abuse is impossible. 1.If any one of the three branches starts to abuse its power, the other two may join together to stop it, through a system of ‘checks and balances’. 2.Constitution gives each of the legislative and executive branches enough power to prevent the other from acting on its own. 1.If any one of the three branches starts to abuse its power, the other two may join together to stop it, through a system of ‘checks and balances’. 2.Constitution gives each of the legislative and executive branches enough power to prevent the other from acting on its own. 6

Government & Politics Two conflicting Voices President VS Congress Treaty Bill Senate President Refuse to ratify it Prevent a bill * (2) Possible situation 1. Law 2. Veto -> 2/3 acceptance of congress -> Law 3. No action -> Law 4. Pocket Veto * (2) Possible situation 1. Law 2. Veto -> 2/3 acceptance of congress -> Law 3. No action -> Law 4. Pocket Veto 7

Government & Politics American′s faith Belief & Faith Action A Bill of Right Protective device 8

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The president and both houses of Congres s - complete political independence - chosen in separate elections - one does not determine other election 10

Government & Politics Theodore Roosevelt 루스벨트 대통령 David Eisenhower 아이젠하워 대통령 Bill Clinton 빌 클린턴 EXAMPLES 11

Government & Politics Members of the House of Representatives – two year terms Senators – Six year terms - Staggered Presidency – four year term - the electoral college Members of the House of Representatives – two year terms Senators – Six year terms - Staggered Presidency – four year term - the electoral college 12

Government & Politics What is the electoral college? - Vote for the state’s representatives called electors. - State’s winner gets all the state’s electoral votes -> losers’votes are uncounted. - State’s electoral votes equal to the number of it’s representatives in the congress -> Senators’ numbers do not follow the population =>possible to be elected without getting the highest votes =>possible to be elected without getting the highest votes 1888 Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland 13

Government & Politics George W. Bush More electoral votes Al Gore More popular votes 14

Government & Politics Bush (Republican) 271 Gore (Democrat)

Government & Politics 3times recount hanging chad 537 votes out of 6million votes cast Jeb Bush 16

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Government & Politics In the late 1700s, Most Americans believed the central purpose of government was to create t he conditions most favorable to the development of the free individual. The Ideal of the Free Individual 18

Government & Politics ● Before the civil war of the 1860s, ● the American ideal of the individual was ● the frontier settler and the small farmer. ● President Jefferson favored a small, ● weak form of government, ● Encourage the development of a nation of free ● Self-reliant farmer citizens 19

Government & Politics ● From the end of the Civil War until the Great Dep ression of the 1930s, ● the successful businessperson replaced ● the farmer and the frontier settler as the ideal expression of the free individual. ● The prevailing view of Americans was that ● government shouldn’t interfere ● in business. 20

Government & Politics ● Government small and inactive in relation to the great size of the nation and the amount of power held by business corporations. ● During much of this time, the Republican Part y was in power, and it strongly supported these policies. 21

Government & Politics The Develop of Big Government Republicans : Letting businesses compete. No government regulation Democrats : Regulate businesses. Protect consumer and workers. To solve social problems 22

Government & Politics After The Great Depression... Big business lost respect. The Idea that Government should be big and active. The ideal of the free individual underwent very important changes. 23

Government & Politics This new assumption, in turn... Government in helping individuals, Meet their daily needs. President Roosevelt, “New Deal” for Americans. 24

Government & Politics To provide economic security for in dividual did not end. Even with the return of prosperity after the Depression and WW2, the growth of government’s role in helping to provide economic security for individual did not end. Roosevlet’s New Deal grew into “welfare states” 25

Government & Politics Some Americans fear that economic security provided by the government will weaken self-reliance, and individual freedom. The strong traditions of individualism and self-reliance have m ade Americans less accepting of welfare programs than th e citizens of other democracies such as those in western Eur ope. Those fear led to the passing of major reforms in the welfare s ystem in 1996, under President Clinton a Democrat with a Republican-controlled Congress. 26

Government & Politics American see these programs as true “entitlements”. However, the future of Social Security is in question. As the population ages, there are fewer younger w orkers and their employers paying Social Secu rity taxes into the system, and more retired worker s taking money out. 27

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Government & Politics Historical, Traditional Positions Two major political parties - the Republicans and the Democrats. 37

Government & Politics Emerged from the New Deal. Traditionally more racially and ethnically diverse. To see government action as part of the solution to many problems. To reflect the diversity of America – six women, four blacks, and two Hispanics. 38

Government & Politics To stress anti-government and pro-business. To see government action as adding to America’s problem. To give American business more freedom from government taxes, rules, and requirements. More racially and ethnically mixed 39

Government & Politics Consider themselves Independents – neither Republicans nor Democrats. Have succeeded in getting only a small percentage of the votes. 40

Government & Politics Republicans – By conservatives on the right Democrats – By liberals on the left In order to get the nomination of their party? Candidates must appeal to their traditional, hardcore supporters who control the nominating process. 41

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Thank you Government & Politics43