Daily Entry Get an Environmental book and look them up What are some ways to conserve water? What is a recharge zone? What is the difference between point and nonpoint pollution? What is thermal pollution? What are some ocean pollutants?

Reminders Progress reports by Friday Leaning logs due Friday Quiz Friday Test 4/24

Where are the Oceans? Identify the Oceans Tides Currents Waves The Ocean Floor Ocean Storms

PREDICT: What percent of the earth is covered in water? What percent is land? Explain your prediction.

PREDICT:What percent of the earth’s water is salt? What percent is fresh? Explain your prediction.

World Ocean Facts Area (1,000,000 km²) Volume (1,000,000 km³) Average Depth (m) Maximum Depth (m) Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean ,022 Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean

1. Density Current –Caused by decrease in temperature and by increase in salinity Deep water, more dense –Move vertically, then move slowly in deep ocean Salinity is measure of the amount of dissolved salts in seawater Two Types of Ocean Currents

2. Surface Current –Fast moving currents caused by friction of wind –Less dense –Warmer water and less salty Two Types of Ocean Currents

Water Movement The cycle of ocean water circulation from the surface to the depths of the ocean back to the surface again is referred to as conveyor belt cycling.

Thermocline Boundary layer between the surface layer and the deep waters Thermocline –Δ in T Causes change in density

–Trade winds blow surface water offshore. Cold water rises to replace warmer surface water Increased nutrients and plankton populations Upwelling

Circular ocean currents –Warm currents move toward the poles –Cold currents to the equator Gulf Stream a surface current near NC that affects Great Britain Gyres

–A force, caused by Earth’s rotation, that deflects moving particles to the right (clockwise)in Northern Hemisphere. –The force deflects to the left (counter clockwise)in Southern Hemisphere –Cold currents are opposite Coriolis Effect

On your map, color the warm currents red and the cold currents blue. Label the 4 oceans. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Arctic Ocean Indian Ocean Left-side Activity

The Earth has 1 moon that revolves around the Earth.

It takes 29 ½ days – almost 1 month – for the moon to move (revolve) around the Earth.

The moon does not make any light of its own. The lighted parts that we see are called phases. The moon reflects light from the sun.

As the moon moves (revolves) around the Earth, it looks like it has different shapes. The shape of the moon does not really change. It just changes its location in space.

The gravitational forces of the moon and sun on the water causes the tides.. The moon, being nearest, has the greatest effect even though the sun is the larger of the two. High tides are generated on the sides of the Earth nearest to and farthest from the moon What causes tides?

During new and full moon phases the moon, sun, and Earth are aligned causing a greater gravitational pull on the Earth. This results in higher high tides and lower low tides.

When it is summer in North America, we are tilted towards the rays of the hot, bright sun. Sun’s rays N S

When it is winter in North America, we are tilted away from the sun’s rays. N S Sun’s rays

The moon affects the oceans. The moon’s pull is called gravity. Gravity pulls on the oceans and causes the tides.

The location of the tides changes as the Earth rotates (spins).

How are Tides Predicted?

Still-Water Line - The level of the ocean if it were flat without any waves. Crest - The highest part of the wave above the still- water line. Trough - The lowest part of the wave below the still- water line Wave Height - The vertical distance between the crest and the trough. Wavelength - The horizontal distance between each crest or each trough.

Wave Period - The time it takes for two successive waves to pass a particular point. For example, it you are standing on a pier and start a stopwatch as the crest of a wave passes and then stop the stopwatch as the crest of the next wave passes, you have measured the wave period. Wave Frequency - The number of waves that pass a particular point in a given time period. Amplitude - The amplitude is equal to one-half the wave height or the distance from either the crest or the trough to the still-water line.

What Makes A Wave? Let’s Make A Wave

Ocean Storms El Nino Cyclone Tsunami Hurricane Typhoon

Neptune’s Web Ocean Weather, Temperature, and Tides Ocean Planet Exhibit in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History Secrets at Sea Game