Matter

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3 Matter An atom is the smallest unit of matter and has its own unique set of properties. An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. A compound is a substance that is made from two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed proportion. A compound has different properties from the original elements.

4 Mixtures A mixture is a blend of two or more elements that are able to keep their own properties. A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the parts are noticeably different from one another. Their composition is not uniform. A homogeneous mixture is so evenly mixed that it is difficult to distinguish one part from another. They have uniform composition. Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be a solution, suspension, or colloid.

5 Colloid A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture. It scatters light according to the Tyndall effect. It does not separate into layers over time. It cannot be filtered through filtration or vaporization.

6 Suspension A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture. The particles are big. It may or may not scatter light according to the Tyndall effect. It separates into layers over time. It can be filtered through filtration or vaporization.

7 Solution Solution is a homogeneous mixture. The particles are very small. It is formed when substances dissolve. It does not scatter light according to the Tyndall effect. It does not separate into layers over time. It cannot be filtered through filtration or vaporization.

8 Chemical Properties Chemical properties can only be observed while a material is changing into a new material. Some examples include Oxidation numbers- the number of electrons lost or gained when bonding. Oxidation numbers- the number of electrons lost or gained when bonding. Reactivity- the ability of a substance to react with another substance. Reactivity- the ability of a substance to react with another substance. Flammability- a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen. Flammability- a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

9 Physical Properties A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the material. physical property physical property Some examples include: Conductivity- the ability of a substance to allow heat or electricity to flow. Conductivity- the ability of a substance to allow heat or electricity to flow. Malleability- the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Malleability- the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Viscosity- tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing. The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves. Viscosity- tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing. The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves. Ductility- the ability of a substance to be rolled into wire or sheets. Ductility- the ability of a substance to be rolled into wire or sheets.

10 Density Density is another physical property. Density is the ratio of mass to volume in a material. It can be used to measure the purity of a substance.