CHEMISTRY: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

Chemistry: Atoms, Elements and Compounds Properties of Matter Elements and the Periodic Table Chemical Compounds

THE PARTICAL THEORY OF MATTER matter: anything that has mass and takes up space The main ideas: 1.All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them. 2.Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles. 3.Particles are in constant random motion. 4.The particles of a substances move faster as its temperature increases. 5.Particles attract each other.

Three states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas

PURE SUBSTANCES A substance that is made up of only one type of particle ex. distilled water

MIXTURES

mechanical mixture: a mixture in which two or more different types of matter can be seen solution: a uniform mixture in which the two or more types of matter cannot be distinguished – looks like a pure substance but contains more than one type of particle

Alloys An alloy is a type of solution Combination of two or more metals

SUMMARY The particle theory of matter descirbes the composition and behaviour of matter A pure substances is made of only one type of particle A mixture is made up of at least two different types of particles A mechanical mixture contains more than one type of particle, and the different types of particles are visible A solution contains more than one type of particle but the different types of particles cannot be distingushed visually An alloy is a solution composed of two or more metals

Check your understanding: 1.Use the particle theory to explain why water changes from a solid to a liquid when it is heated. 2.Give three examples of a pure substance (not mentioned during class). 3.Give three examples of a solution. 4.Give three examples of a mechanical mixture. 5.Identify each of the following as a mechanical mixture or a solution: (a) glass, (b) chocolate chip icecream, (c) apple juice, (d) pizza, (e) vinegar, (f) maple syrup, (g) relish, (h) concrete, (i) sand, (j) perfume